Kunoza imiterere y'imirongo y'imyenge ya karuboni ifite imyenge - Ⅰ

Murakaza neza ku rubuga rwacu kugira ngo mumenye amakuru ku bicuruzwa no kugisha inama.

Urubuga rwacu:https://www.vet-china.com/

 

Iyi nyandiko isesengura isoko rya karuboni rikoreshwa ubu, ikora isesengura ryimbitse ry’ibikoresho fatizo bya karuboni ikoreshwa, igaragaza uburyo bwo kugena imiterere y’imyenge, uburyo bwo kuyikora, ibintu bigira ingaruka n’iterambere ry’ikoreshwa rya karuboni ikoreshwa, kandi isuzuma ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi ku ikoranabuhanga ryo kunoza imiterere y’imyenge ya karuboni ikoreshwa, hagamijwe guteza imbere karuboni ikoreshwa kugira ngo igire uruhare runini mu ikoreshwa ry’ikoranabuhanga rikoresha ibidukikije n’ikoranabuhanga rikoresha karuboni nke.

 

Gutegura karubone ikora

Muri rusange, gutegura karubone ikora ku mubiri bigabanyijemo ibice bibiri: ikoreshwa rya karubone no gukoreshwa

 

Uburyo bwo guhindura karuboni

Gushyushya karubone bivuga inzira yo gushyushya amakara ku bushyuhe bwinshi hifashishijwe gazi idafite umwuka kugira ngo ibore ibintu byayo bihindagurika kandi ibone ibintu bya karubone biri hagati. Gushyushya karubone bishobora kugera ku ntego byitezwe binyuze mu guhindura ibipimo by'imikorere. Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko ubushyuhe bwo gukora ari ikintu cy'ingenzi kigira ingaruka ku miterere ya karubone. Jie Qiang n'abandi biga ingaruka z'igipimo cyo gushyushya karubone ku mikorere ya karubone iri mu itanura rifunguye kandi basanga igipimo gito gifasha kunoza umusaruro w'ibikoresho bya karubone no gukora ibikoresho byiza.

 

Uburyo bwo gushyira mu bikorwa

Gushyiramo karuboni mu kanwa bishobora gutuma ibikoresho fatizo bikora imiterere ya microcrystalline isa na grafiti no gukora imiterere y'imyenge y'ibanze. Ariko, iyi myenge irahungabanywa cyangwa igafungwa n'ibindi bintu, bigatuma ubuso buto bukenera kongera gukoreshwa. Gukora ni inzira yo kongera imiterere y'imyenge y'ibicuruzwa bya karuboni, ahanini bikorwa binyuze mu mikorere y'ibinyabutabire hagati y'igikoresho n'ibikoresho fatizo: bishobora gutuma imiterere ya microcrystalline ifite imyenge irema.

Gukora ku buryo bugaragara binyura mu byiciro bitatu mu rwego rwo kunoza imyenge y'ibikoresho:
(1) Gufungura imyenge ya mbere ifunze (unyuze mu myenge);
(2) Kwagura imyenge y'umwimerere (kwaguka kw'imyenge);
(3) Gukora imyenge mishya (kurema imyenge);

Izi ngaruka eshatu ntizikorwa zonyine, ahubwo ziba icyarimwe kandi mu buryo buhuriweho. Muri rusange, binyuze mu myenge no mu miyoboro bituma umubare w'imyenge wiyongera, cyane cyane imyenge mito, ibyo bikaba ingirakamaro mu gutegura ibikoresho bifite imyenge myinshi n'ubuso bunini bwihariye, mu gihe kwaguka cyane kw'imyenge bizatuma imyenge yiyunga kandi igahuza, bigatuma imyenge mito ihinduka imyenge minini. Kubwibyo, kugira ngo ubone ibikoresho bya karuboni bikozwe mu buryo bwa "activated carbon" bifite imyenge yateye imbere n'ubuso bunini bwihariye, ni ngombwa kwirinda gukoresha cyane. Uburyo bukunze gukoreshwa mu gukoresha karuboni bukozwe mu buryo bwa "activated carbon" burimo uburyo bwa "chemical", uburyo bwa "physique" n'uburyo bwa "physicochemical".

 

Uburyo bwo gukoresha imiti mu gukora

Uburyo bwo gukoresha imiti busobanura uburyo bwo kongeramo ibintu bikoreshwa mu gukora imiti mu bikoresho fatizo, hanyuma ukabishyushya ukoresheje imyuka irinda ibintu nka N2 na Ar mu itanura rishyushya kugira ngo bikoreshwe muri karuboni kandi bikoreshwe icyarimwe. Ibintu bikoreshwa cyane muri rusange ni NaOH, KOH na H3P04. Uburyo bwo gukoresha imiti bufite ibyiza byo gukoresha ubushyuhe buke no gutanga umusaruro mwinshi, ariko kandi bufite ibibazo nko kwangirika gukomeye, kugorwa no gukuraho ibintu bikoreshwa mu gukora imiti no kwangiza ibidukikije bikomeye.

 

Uburyo bwo gukoresha umubiri

Uburyo bwo gukora ku buryo bw'umubiri buvuga gushyira ibintu fatizo mu itanura mu buryo butaziguye, hanyuma bigahura n'imyuka nka CO2 na H20 bishyirwa ku bushyuhe bwinshi kugira ngo bigere ku ntego yo kongera imyenge no kwagura imyenge, ariko uburyo bwo gukora ku buryo bw'umubiri bufite ubushobozi buke bwo kugenzura imiterere y'imyenge. Muri byo, CO2 ikoreshwa cyane mu gutegura karubone ikora kuko isukuye, yoroshye kuyibona kandi ihendutse. Koresha igishishwa cya kokonati cya karubone nk'ibikoresho fatizo hanyuma ugikoreshe CO2 kugira ngo utegure karubone ikora hamwe n'imyenge mito, ifite ubuso bwihariye n'ingano y'imyenge yose ya 1653m2·g-1 na 0.1045cm3·g-1, uko bikurikirana. Imikorere yageze ku rugero rwo gukoresha karubone ikora ku mashini ebyiri.

Koresha ibuye rya loquat ukoresheje CO2 kugira ngo utegure karubone ikomeye ikora, nyuma yo kuyikoresha kuri 1100℃ mu gihe cy'iminota 30, ubuso bwihariye n'ingano y'imyenge yose byageze kuri 3500m2·g-1 na 1.84cm3·g-1, uko bikurikirana. Koresha CO2 kugira ngo ukore ibikorwa bya kabiri kuri karubone ikora ku gishishwa cy'ibumba rya kokonati. Nyuma yo kuyikoresha, imyenge mito y'umusaruro warangiye yaragabanijwe, ingano ya mikorobe yiyongereye kuva kuri 0.21 cm3·g-1 kugera kuri 0.27 cm3·g-1, ubuso bwihariye bwiyongereye kuva kuri 627.22 m2·g-1 kugera kuri 822.71 m2·g-1, kandi ubushobozi bwo kwinjiza phenol bwongereweho 23.77%.

Abandi bahanga biga ku bintu by'ingenzi bigenzura uburyo CO2 ikoreshwa mu gukora. Mohammad n'abandi [21] basanze ubushyuhe ari bwo bugira ingaruka zikomeye iyo CO2 ikoreshejwe mu gukora umukungugu w'ibiti bya rubber. Ubuso bwihariye, ingano y'imyenge n'ubuso buto bw'umusaruro byabanje kwiyongera hanyuma bikagabanuka uko ubushyuhe bwiyongera. Cheng Song n'abandi [22] bakoresheje uburyo bwo gusubiza ubuso kugira ngo basesengure uburyo CO2 ikoreshwa mu gukora imiyoboro ya macadamia. Ibisubizo byagaragaje ko ubushyuhe n'igihe cyo gukora bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku iterambere rya mikorobe za karubone zikoreshwa mu gukora.