Ci gaban fasahar samar da hydrogen a cikin ruwa mai amfani da electrolytic da nazarin tattalin arziki na Proton Exchange membrane (PEM)

A shekarar 1966, Kamfanin General Electric ya ƙirƙiro ƙwayar lantarki ta ruwa bisa ga ra'ayin sarrafa proton, ta amfani da membrane na polymer a matsayin electrolyte. Kamfanin General Electric ya sayar da ƙwayoyin PEM a shekarar 1978. A halin yanzu, kamfanin yana samar da ƙananan ƙwayoyin PEM, galibi saboda ƙarancin samar da hydrogen, ɗan gajeren lokaci da tsadar saka hannun jari. Kwayar PEM tana da tsarin bipolar, kuma ana yin haɗin lantarki tsakanin ƙwayoyin ta hanyar faranti na bipolar, waɗanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen fitar da iskar gas da aka samar. Anode, cathode, da membrane group suna samar da membrane electrode assembly (MEA). Elektredit yawanci yana ƙunshe da ƙarfe masu daraja kamar platinum ko iridium. A anode, ana haɗa ruwa don samar da iskar oxygen, electrons da protons. A cathode, oxygen, electrons da protons da anode ke samarwa suna zagayawa ta cikin membrane zuwa cathode, inda aka rage su don samar da iskar hydrogen. An nuna ƙa'idar PEM electrolyzer a cikin hoton.

Yawanci ana amfani da ƙwayoyin lantarki na PEM don samar da ƙananan hydrogen, tare da matsakaicin samar da hydrogen na kimanin 30Nm3/h da kuma amfani da wutar lantarki na 174kW. Idan aka kwatanta da ƙwayoyin alkaline, ainihin yawan samar da hydrogen na ƙwayar PEM kusan ya rufe dukkan iyakokin iyaka. Tarin PEM zai iya aiki a mafi girman yawan wutar lantarki fiye da tantanin alkaline, har ma har zuwa 1.6A/cm2, kuma ingancin electrolytic shine 48%-65%. Saboda fim ɗin polymer ba ya jure wa zafin jiki mai yawa, zafin jikin tantanin electrolytic sau da yawa yana ƙasa da 80°C. Hoeller electrolyzer ya haɓaka fasahar saman tantanin halitta da aka inganta don ƙananan ƙwayoyin lantarki na PEM. Ana iya tsara ƙwayoyin bisa ga buƙatun, rage adadin ƙarfe masu daraja da ƙara matsin lamba na aiki. Babban fa'idar PEM electrolyzer shine cewa samar da hydrogen yana canzawa kusan tare da makamashin da aka samar, wanda ya dace da canjin buƙatar hydrogen. Kwayoyin Hoeller suna amsawa ga canje-canjen ƙimar kaya na 0-100% a cikin daƙiƙa. Ana gudanar da gwaje-gwajen tabbatar da ingancin fasahar mallakar Hoeller, kuma za a gina wurin gwajin kafin ƙarshen shekarar 2020.

Tsarkakakkiyar hydrogen da ƙwayoyin PEM ke samarwa na iya kaiwa kashi 99.99%, wanda ya fi na ƙwayoyin alkaline girma. Bugu da ƙari, ƙarancin iskar gas da ke shiga cikin membrane na polymer yana rage haɗarin ƙirƙirar gaurayawan da za su iya ƙonewa, yana ba da damar electrolyzer ya yi aiki a ƙarancin yawan wutar lantarki. Dole ne a rage yawan watsa ruwa da ake bayarwa ga electrolyzer ya zama ƙasa da 1S/cm. Saboda jigilar proton a cikin membrane na polymer yana amsawa da sauri ga canjin wutar lantarki, ƙwayoyin PEM na iya aiki a cikin yanayi daban-daban na samar da wutar lantarki. Kodayake an sayar da ƙwayar PEM, yana da wasu rashin amfani, galibi babban kuɗin saka hannun jari da babban kuɗin lantarki na membrane da na ƙarfe masu daraja. Bugu da ƙari, rayuwar sabis na ƙwayoyin PEM ya fi guntu fiye da na ƙwayoyin alkaline. A nan gaba, ƙarfin ƙwayar PEM don samar da hydrogen yana buƙatar a inganta shi sosai.