I te tau 1966, i whakawhanakehia e te Kamupene General Electric ngā pūtau hiko wai i runga i te ariā o te kawe pūtorino, me te whakamahi i te kiriuhi pūmua hei hikohiko. I hokohokohia ngā pūtau PEM e General Electric i te tau 1978. I tēnei wā, he iti ake ngā pūtau PEM e hangaia ana e te kamupene, nā te iti o te hanga hauwai, te poto o te ora me te nui o te utu haumi. He hanganga bipolar te pūtau PEM, ā, ka hangaia ngā hononga hiko i waenga i ngā pūtau mā roto i ngā pereti bipolar, e whai wāhi nui ana ki te tuku i ngā hau i hangaia. Ko te anode, te cathode, me te rōpū membrane e hanga ana i te huihuinga electrode membrane (MEA). Ko te nuinga o te wā, he mea hanga te electrode mai i ngā konganuku utu nui pēnei i te platinum, i te iridium rānei. I te anode, ka waikurahia te wai hei whakaputa hāora, irahiko me ngā pūtorino. I te cathode, ka rere te hāora, irahiko me ngā pūtorino i hangaia e te anode mā roto i te membrane ki te cathode, ka whakaitihia ki te whakaputa hau hauwai. Kei te whakaatuhia te kaupapa o te electrolyzer PEM i roto i te pikitia.
Ko ngā pūtau hiko PEM e whakamahia ana mō te hanga hauwai iti, me te hanga hauwai mōrahi o te 30Nm3/h me te whakamahinga hiko o te 174kW. Ki te whakatauritea ki te pūtau kawakore, ko te tere hanga hauwai tuturu o te pūtau PEM tata kapi i te whānuitanga rohe katoa. Ka taea e te pūtau PEM te mahi i te kiato iahiko teitei ake i te pūtau kawakore, tae atu ki te 1.6A/cm2, ā, ko te whai huatanga hiko he 48%-65%. Nā te mea kāore te kiriata polymer e ātete ki te pāmahana teitei, he maha ngā wā kei raro iho i te 80°C te pāmahana o te pūtau hiko. Kua whakawhanakehia e te Hoeller electrolyzer he hangarau mata pūtau kua arotauhia mō ngā PEM electrolyzer iti. Ka taea te hoahoa i ngā pūtau kia rite ki ngā whakaritenga, ka whakaiti i te nui o ngā konganuku utu nui me te whakanui ake i te pēhanga whakahaere. Ko te painga matua o te PEM electrolyzer ko te hurihanga o te hanga hauwai tata tonu ki te pūngao e tukuna ana, he mea e tika ana mō te huringa o te hiahia hauwai. Ka aro atu ngā pūtau Hoeller ki ngā huringa whakatauranga kawenga 0-100% i roto i ngā hēkona. Kei te whakamātautauhia te hangarau patent a Hoeller, ā, ka hangaia te whare whakamātautau i te mutunga o te tau 2020.
Ka taea e te parakore o te hauwai i hangaia e ngā pūtau PEM te eke ki te 99.99%, he teitei ake i tērā o ngā pūtau kawakore. Hei tāpiri, ko te tino iti o te urunga hau o te kiriuhi polymer ka whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te hanga ranunga mura, ka taea ai e te electrolyzer te mahi i ngā kiato iahiko tino iti. Me iti iho i te 1S/cm te kawe o te wai e tukuna ana ki te electrolyzer. Nā te mea ka tere te urupare o te kawe proton puta noa i te kiriuhi polymer ki ngā rerekētanga hiko, ka taea e ngā pūtau PEM te mahi i roto i ngā momo tuku hiko rerekē. Ahakoa kua hokohokohia te pūtau PEM, he ngoikoretanga ōna, ko te nuinga ko te utu haumi nui me te utu nui o ngā irahiko e hangai ana ki te membrane me te konganuku utu nui. Hei tāpiri, he poto ake te roa o te mahi a ngā pūtau PEM i tērā o ngā pūtau kawakore. I te heke mai, me tino whakapai ake te kaha o te pūtau PEM ki te whakaputa hauwai.
Te wā tuku: Hui-tanguru-02-2023