ʻO ka holomua o ka ʻenehana hana hydrogen wai electrolytic membrane (PEM) a me ka loiloi hoʻokele waiwai

I ka makahiki 1966, ua hoʻomohala ʻo General Electric Company i kahi cell electrolytic wai e pili ana i ka manaʻo hoʻokele proton, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka membrane polymer ma ke ʻano he electrolyte. Ua kūʻai ʻia nā cell PEM e General Electric i ka makahiki 1978. I kēia manawa, hana ka ʻoihana i nā cell PEM liʻiliʻi, ʻoiai ma muli o kāna hana hydrogen palena, ke ola pōkole a me ke kumukūʻai hoʻopukapuka kālā kiʻekiʻe. Loaʻa i kahi cell PEM kahi ʻano bipolar, a hana ʻia nā pilina uila ma waena o nā cell ma o nā papa bipolar, kahi e pāʻani ai i kahi kuleana koʻikoʻi i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā kinoea i hana ʻia. ʻO ka anode, cathode, a me ka hui membrane e hana i ka hui electrode membrane (MEA). ʻO ka electrode ka mea maʻamau i haku ʻia me nā metala makamae e like me ka platinum a i ʻole iridium. Ma ka anode, hoʻopau ʻia ka wai e hana i ka oxygen, nā electrons a me nā protons. Ma ka cathode, ʻo ka oxygen, nā electrons a me nā protons i hana ʻia e ka anode e kaʻapuni ma o ka membrane i ka cathode, kahi e hoʻemi ʻia ai lākou e hana i ke kinoea hydrogen. Hōʻike ʻia ke kumumanaʻo o ka electrolyzer PEM ma ke kiʻi.

Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā pūnaewele electrolytic PEM no ka hana hydrogen liʻiliʻi, me ka hana hydrogen kiʻekiʻe loa ma kahi o 30Nm3/h a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mana o 174kW. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ke kelepona alkaline, ʻo ka nui o ka hana hydrogen maoli o ke kelepona PEM kokoke e uhi i ka palena holoʻokoʻa. Hiki i ke kelepona PEM ke hana ma ka nui o ke au ma mua o ke kelepona alkaline, a hiki i ka 1.6A/cm2, a ʻo ka pono electrolytic he 48%-65%. No ka mea, ʻaʻole kūpaʻa ka ʻili polymer i ka mahana kiʻekiʻe, ʻoi aku ka mahana o ke kelepona electrolytic ma lalo o 80°C. Ua hoʻomohala ʻo Hoeller electrolyzer i kahi ʻenehana ʻili kelepona i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia no nā electrolyzers PEM liʻiliʻi. Hiki ke hoʻolālā ʻia nā pūnaewele e like me nā koi, e hōʻemi ana i ka nui o nā metala makamae a hoʻonui i ke kaomi hana. ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi nui o PEM electrolyzer ʻo ia ka loli ʻana o ka hana hydrogen me ka ikehu i hāʻawi ʻia, kahi kūpono no ka loli o ke koi hydrogen. Pane nā pūnaewele Hoeller i nā loli helu ukana 0-100% i kekona. Ke hana ʻia nei nā hoʻokolohua hōʻoia no ka ʻenehana patent a Hoeller, a e kūkulu ʻia ka hale hoʻāʻo ma ka hopena o 2020.

Hiki i ka maʻemaʻe o ka hydrogen i hana ʻia e nā cell PEM ke kiʻekiʻe a hiki i ka 99.99%, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o nā cell alkaline. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka permeability gas haʻahaʻa loa o ka membrane polymer e hōʻemi ana i ka pilikia o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā hui lapalapa, e ʻae ana i ka electrolyzer e hana ma nā densities o kēia manawa haʻahaʻa loa. Pono ka conductivity o ka wai i hāʻawi ʻia i ka electrolyzer ma lalo o 1S/cm. No ka mea, pane koke ka lawe ʻana o ka proton ma waena o ka membrane polymer i nā loli mana, hiki i nā cell PEM ke hana i nā ʻano lako mana like ʻole. ʻOiai ua kūʻai ʻia aku ka cell PEM, he mau hemahema kona, ʻo ia hoʻi ke kumukūʻai hoʻopukapuka kālā kiʻekiʻe a me ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe o nā electrodes i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka membrane a me nā metala makamae. Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka pōkole o ke ola lawelawe o nā cell PEM ma mua o nā cell alkaline. I ka wā e hiki mai ana, pono e hoʻomaikaʻi nui ʻia ka hiki o ka cell PEM ke hana i ka hydrogen.