Mu 1966, Ikigo cya General Electric cyakoze uturemangingo tw’amashanyarazi dushingiye ku gitekerezo cyo gukwirakwiza protoni, gikoresha uturemangingo twa polymer nk’amashanyarazi. Uturemangingo twa PEM twagurishijwe na General Electric mu 1978. Muri iki gihe, ikigo gikora uturemangingo twa PEM duke, ahanini bitewe n’umusaruro wa hydrogen muke, igihe gito n’ikiguzi kinini cy’ishoramari. Uturemangingo twa PEM dufite imiterere ya bipolar, kandi amashanyarazi hagati y’uturemangingo akorwa binyuze mu dusanduku twa bipolar, tugira uruhare runini mu gusohora imyuka ikomoka kuri iyo myuka. Itsinda rya anode, cathode, n’itsinda rya membrane bigize membrane electrode assembly (MEA). Ubusanzwe electrode igizwe n’ibyuma by’agaciro nka platine cyangwa iridium. Kuri anode, amazi ashyirwamo ogisijeni kugira ngo akore ogisijeni, electron na proton. Kuri cathode, ogisijeni, electron na proton zikorwa na anode zinyura muri membrane zijya muri cathode, aho zigabanuka kugira ngo zikore gaze ya hydrogen. Ihame rya PEM electrolyzer rigaragara ku ishusho.
Uturemangingo twa PEM dukoreshwa mu gukora hydrogen ntoya, aho hydrogen ishobora gukora 30Nm3/h hamwe n'ingufu zikoreshwa 174kW. Ugereranyije n'uturemangingo twa alkaline, igipimo nyacyo cyo gukora hydrogen ya PEM cell gikwirakwira hafi ya hose. Uturemangingo twa PEM dushobora gukora ku bucucike bw'amashanyarazi buri hejuru kurusha uturemangingo twa alkaline, ndetse no kugeza kuri 1.6A/cm2, kandi electrolytic efficiency ni 48%-65%. Kubera ko filime ya polymer idahangana n'ubushyuhe bwinshi, ubushyuhe bw'uturemangingo twa electrolytic akenshi buba buri munsi ya 80°C. Hoeller electrolyzer yateje imbere ikoranabuhanga ryo gutunganya ubuso bw'uturemangingo ku turemangingo duto twa PEM. Uturemangingo dushobora gutegurwa hakurikijwe ibisabwa, bikagabanya ingano y'ibyuma by'agaciro kandi bikongera umuvuduko w'imikorere. Akamaro nyamukuru ka PEM electrolyzer ni uko hydrogen ihinduka hafi hamwe n'ingufu zitangwa, ibi bikaba bikwiriye guhindura ubwinshi bw'ibikenewe bya hydrogen. Uturemangingo twa Hoeller dusubiza impinduka ku gipimo cy'umutwaro wa 0-100% mu masegonda. Ikoranabuhanga rya Hoeller rifite patenti ririmo gukorwa ibizamini byo kwemeza, kandi ikigo cyo gupimira kizubakwa mu mpera za 2020.
Ubuziranenge bwa hydrogen ikorwa n’uturemangingo twa PEM bushobora kugera kuri 99.99%, ari na byo biri hejuru y’uturemangingo twa alkaline. Byongeye kandi, ubushobozi buke cyane bwo kwinjira kwa gazi mu ruhu rw’umuyoboro wa polymer bugabanya ibyago byo gukora uruvange rushobora gushya, bigatuma electrolyzer ikora ku bucucike bw’amashanyarazi buri hasi cyane. Ubushobozi bw’amazi atangwa kuri electrolyzer bugomba kuba munsi ya 1S/cm. Kubera ko porotoni zitwara amashanyarazi mu ruhu rw’umuyoboro wa polymer zisubiza vuba ihindagurika ry’ingufu, uturemangingo twa PEM dushobora gukora mu buryo butandukanye bwo gutanga ingufu. Nubwo uturemangingo twa PEM twagurishijwe, dufite ingaruka mbi zimwe na zimwe, ahanini ni ikiguzi kinini cy’ishoramari ndetse n’ikiguzi kinini cy’uturemangingo tw’umuyoboro n’utw’icyuma cy’agaciro. Byongeye kandi, igihe cy’imikorere y’uturemangingo twa PEM ni gito ugereranyije n’icy’uturemangingo twa alkaline. Mu gihe kizaza, ubushobozi bw’uturemangingo twa PEM bwo gukora hydrogen bugomba kunozwa cyane.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-02-2023