ʻO nā keramika kūikawā e pili ana i kahi papa o nā keramika me nā waiwai mechanical, physical a i ʻole kemika kūikawā, ʻokoʻa loa nā mea maka i hoʻohana ʻia a me ka ʻenehana hana e pono ai mai nā keramika maʻamau a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana. Wahi a nā ʻano a me nā hoʻohana ʻana, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā keramika kūikawā i ʻelua mau māhele: nā keramika kūkulu a me nā keramika hana. I waena o lākou, pili nā keramika kūkulu i nā keramika hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he mau mea kūkulu ʻenekinia, nona ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe, ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe, ka modulus elastic kiʻekiʻe, ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe, ke kūpaʻa ʻaʻahu, ke kūpaʻa corrosion, ke kūpaʻa oxidation, ke kūpaʻa haʻalulu thermal a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe.
Nui nā ʻano keramika kūkulu, nā pono a me nā hemahema, a ʻokoʻa ke kuhikuhi o ka noi ʻana o nā pono a me nā hemahema, ma waena o ia mau mea "silicon nitride ceramics" ma muli o ke kaulike o ka hana ma nā ʻano āpau, ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ia ka hana piha maikaʻi loa i ka ʻohana keramika kūkulu, a he ākea loa nā noi.
Nā pōmaikaʻi o nā keramika silicon nitride
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka Silicon nitride (Si3N4) i nā hui hoʻopaʻa covalent, me [SiN4] 4-tetrahedron ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana hoʻonohonoho. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā kūlana kikoʻī o nā ʻātoma nitrogen a me silicon mai ke kiʻi ma lalo nei, aia ka silicon ma waenakonu o ka tetrahedron, a ua noho ʻia nā kūlana o ʻehā mau piko o ka tetrahedron e nā ʻātoma nitrogen, a laila kaʻana like kēlā me kēia ʻekolu tetrahedron i hoʻokahi ʻātoma, e hoʻolōʻihi mau ana i kahi ʻekolu-dimensional. ʻO ka hope loa, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ke ʻano pūnaewele. He nui nā waiwai o ka silicon nitride e pili ana i kēia ʻano tetrahedral.
ʻEkolu mau ʻano crystalline o ka silicon nitride, ʻo ia hoʻi nā pae α, β a me γ, ʻo ia hoʻi nā pae α a me β nā ʻano maʻamau o ka silicon nitride. Ma muli o ka hui paʻa ʻana o nā ʻātoma nitrogen, he ikaika kiʻekiʻe ko ka silicon nitride, paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe a me ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe, a hiki i ka paʻakikī ke hiki i ka HRA91 ~ 93; ʻO ka paʻakikī wela maikaʻi, hiki ke kū i ka mahana kiʻekiʻe o 1300 ~ 1400 ℃; ʻO ka hopena kemika liʻiliʻi me nā mea kalapona a me nā mea metala e alakaʻi ai i ka coefficient friction haʻahaʻa; He lubricating ponoʻī ia a no laila kū i ka ʻaʻahu; He ikaika ke kūpaʻa corrosion, me ka waikawa hydrofluoric, ʻaʻole ia e pane me nā waikawa inorganic ʻē aʻe, he kūpaʻa oxidation nō hoʻi ka mahana kiʻekiʻe; Loaʻa iā ia ke kūpaʻa haʻalulu wela maikaʻi, ʻoi aku ka hoʻomaʻalili ʻana i ka lewa a laila ʻaʻole e hiolo ka hoʻomehana ʻoi; Hoʻemi ʻia ka kolo ʻana o nā keramika silicon nitride i ka mahana kiʻekiʻe, a he liʻiliʻi ka deformation plastic lohi ma lalo o ka hana o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana a me ka ukana paʻa.
Eia kekahi, loaʻa i nā keramika silicon nitride ka ikaika kikoʻī kiʻekiʻe, ke ʻano kikoʻī kiʻekiʻe, ka conductivity thermal kiʻekiʻe, nā waiwai uila maikaʻi loa a me nā pono ʻē aʻe, no laila he waiwai noi kūikawā ia i nā wahi koʻikoʻi e like me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana, ka wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe, nā media corrosive ikaika, a ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea keramika hoʻolālā hoʻohiki maikaʻi loa no ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka noi ʻana. , a lilo pinepine ia i koho mua i nā noi he nui e pono e hoʻāʻo ʻia.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Aug-15-2023