Ibumba ryihariye risobanura ubwoko bw'ibumba rifite imiterere yihariye ya mekanike, fiziki cyangwa shimi, ibikoresho fatizo bikoreshwa n'ikoranabuhanga rikenewe mu gukora bitandukanye cyane n'ibumba risanzwe n'iterambere. Dukurikije imiterere n'imikoreshereze, ibumba ryihariye rishobora kugabanywamo ibice bibiri: ibumba ry'imiterere n'ibumba rikora. Muri byo, ibumba ry'imiterere risobanura ibumba rishobora gukoreshwa nk'ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi bw'ubuhanga, muri rusange bifite imbaraga nyinshi, ubukana bwinshi, modulus nyinshi yoroshye, ubushyuhe bwinshi, ubukana bwangirika, ubukana bwa gazi, ubukana bwa ogisijeni, ubukana bwa shoka n'ibindi biranga.
Hari ubwoko bwinshi bw'ibibumbano by'imiterere, ibyiza n'ibibi, kandi icyerekezo cy'ikoreshwa ry'ibintu byiza n'ibibi biratandukanye, muri byo harimo "ibibumbano bya silicon nitride" kubera uburinganire bw'imikorere mu bice byose, bizwi nk'imikorere myiza cyane mu muryango w'ibibumbano by'imiterere, kandi bifite uburyo bwinshi cyane bwo kubikoresha.
Ibyiza bya silicon nitride ceramics
Silikoni nitride (Si3N4) ishobora kugabanywamo ibinyabutabire bya covalent bond, hamwe na [SiN4] 4-tetrahedron nk'igice cy'imiterere. Ahantu hihariye ha atome za azote na silicone hagaragara ku ishusho iri hepfo, silicon iri hagati muri tetrahedron, kandi aho imyanya ine ya tetrahedron iherereye hagafatwa atome za azote, hanyuma buri tetrahedron eshatu zisangira atome imwe, zihora zikwirakwira mu mwanya w'ibice bitatu. Amaherezo, imiterere y'urusobe rw'amakuru irakorwa. Imiterere myinshi ya nitride ya silicon ifitanye isano n'iyi miterere ya tetrahedron.
Hari imiterere itatu ya silicon nitride ifite imiterere ya kristu, ari yo α, β na γ phases, aho α na β phases ari zo zikunze gukoreshwa cyane muri silicon nitride. Kubera ko atome za azote zifatanye cyane, silicon nitride ifite imbaraga nziza, ubukana bwinshi n'ubushyuhe bwinshi, kandi ubukana bushobora kugera kuri HRA91 ~ 93; Ubukana bwiza bw'ubushyuhe, bushobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwinshi bwa 1300 ~ 1400 ℃; Uburyo buke bwa shimi hamwe na karubone n'ibintu by'icyuma butuma habaho imiterere mike yo gushwanyagurika; Yishyira mu buryo ubwayo bityo igakomeza kwangirika; Ubukana bwa corrosion burakomeye, uretse aside hydrofluoric, ntabwo ikorana n'izindi aside inorganic, ubushyuhe bwinshi nabwo bufite ubukana bwa oxidation; Ifite kandi ubukana bwiza bw'ubushyuhe, ubukonje bukabije mu kirere hanyuma ubushyuhe bukabije ntibusenyuka; Ubushyuhe bwa silicon nitride buragabanuka iyo ubushyuhe bwinshi bukabije, kandi plastike ihindagurika buhoro buhoro iba nto bitewe n'ubushyuhe bwinshi n'umutwaro udahinduka.
Byongeye kandi, ibumba rya silikoni nitride rifite imbaraga zidasanzwe, uburyo bwihariye, ubushobozi bwo gutwara ubushyuhe bwinshi, imiterere myiza y'amashanyarazi n'ibindi byiza, bityo rifite agaciro kadasanzwe mu bidukikije nko mu bushyuhe bwinshi, umuvuduko mwinshi, ibyuma bikomeye byangiza, kandi rifatwa nk'imwe mu bikoresho by'ibumba bifite icyizere cyo guteza imbere no gukoresha, kandi akenshi riba amahitamo ya mbere mu bikorwa byinshi bigomba kugeragezwa.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-15-2023