Silicon nitride – ceramics arụrụ arụ ọrụ kacha mma n'ozuzu ya

ceramik pụrụ iche na-ezo aka na klas nke ceramik nwere ihe eji arụ ọrụ pụrụ iche, anụ ahụ ma ọ bụ kemịkal, akụrụngwa eji na teknụzụ mmepụta achọrọ dị nnọọ iche na seramiki nkịtị na mmepe. Dị ka e ji mara na ojiji, e nwere ike kewaa ceramik pụrụ iche ụzọ abụọ: ceramics nhazi na ceramics arụ ọrụ. N'ime ha, seramiiki ihe nhazi na-ezo aka na ceramics nke enwere ike iji dị ka ihe nhazi injinia, nke na-enwekarị ike dị elu, ike siri ike, modul na-agbanwe dị elu, nkwụsi ike dị elu, nkwụsi ike na-eyi, nguzogide corrosion, nkwụsị oxidation, nkwụsị ọkụ ọkụ na njirimara ndị ọzọ.

E nwere ọtụtụ ụdị nke structural ceramics, uru na ọghọm, na ngwa ntụziaka nke uru na ọghọm dị iche iche, n'etiti nke "silicon nitride ceramics" n'ihi itule nke arụmọrụ n'akụkụ niile, a maara dị ka ndị kasị mma keukwu arụmọrụ ke structural ceramics ezinụlọ, na nwere nnọọ mbara nso nke ngwa.

Uru nke silicon nitride ceramics

Silicon nitride (Si3N4) nwere ike kewaa n'ime ogige njikọ covalent, yana [SiN4] 4-tetrahedron dị ka ngalaba nhazi. Enwere ike ịhụ ọnọdụ a kapịrị ọnụ nke nitrogen na silicon atom site na foto dị n'okpuru ebe a, silicon dị n'etiti tetrahedron, na ọnọdụ nke akụkụ anọ nke tetrahedron na-ejikwa nitrogen atom, mgbe ahụ, tetrahedron atọ ọ bụla na-ekerịta otu atom, na-agbatị mgbe niile na oghere akụkụ atọ. N'ikpeazụ, a na-emepụta usoro netwọk ahụ. Ọtụtụ n'ime ihe ndị dị na silicon nitride nwere njikọ na nhazi tetrahedral a.

Enwere usoro kristal atọ nke silicon nitride, nke bụ akụkụ α, β na γ, nke usoro α na β bụ ụdị silicon nitride kachasị ewu ewu. N'ihi na atom nitrogen na-ejikọta nke ọma, silicon nitride nwere ezigbo ike dị elu, ike siri ike na elu okpomọkụ na-eguzogide, na ike nwere ike iru HRA91 ~ 93; Ezi thermal rigidity, nwere ike idi elu okpomọkụ nke 1300 ~ 1400 ℃; Obere mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ nwere carbon na metal ọcha na-eduga na ọnụọgụ esemokwu dị ala; Ọ bụ mmanye onwe ya na ya mere na-eguzogide iyi; Nguzogide corrosion siri ike, na mgbakwunye na hydrofluoric acid, ọ naghị emeghachi omume na acid inorganic ndị ọzọ, oke okpomọkụ nwekwara nguzogide oxidation; Ọ na-nwere ezigbo thermal ujo eguzogide, nkọ jụrụ na ikuku na mgbe nkọ kpo oku agaghị crumble; Ihe na-akpụ akpụ nke ceramics silicon nitride na-ebelata na oke okpomọkụ, na nrụrụ rọba rọba dị ntakịrị n'okpuru ọrụ nke okpomọkụ dị elu na ibu edozi.

Ke adianade do, silicon nitride ceramics nwekwara elu kpọmkwem ike, elu kpọmkwem mode, elu thermal conductivity, magburu onwe eletriki Njirimara na ndị ọzọ uru, n'ihi ya, ọ nwere pụrụ iche ngwa uru na oké gburugburu ebe obibi dị ka elu okpomọkụ, elu na-agba, ike corrosive media, na a na-ewere dị ka otu n'ime ndị kasị ekwe nkwa bughi seramiiki ihe maka mmepe na ngwa, na mgbe na-aghọ nke mbụ nhọrọ na ọtụtụ ngwa na mkpa ka a nwalere.