Ngowama-2019, ukungqubana kwezorhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe kwaqhubeka, kwaye uqoqosho lwehlabathi lwatshintsha kakhulu. Phantsi kwemeko-bume enjalo, uphuhliso lweshishini le-aluminium lasekhaya nalo lwatshintsha. Amashishini eenkampani ezisebenza nge-aluminium aqala ukulahlekelwa yimali, kwaye iindawo ezibangela intlungu zatyhilwa kancinci kancinci.
Okokuqala, eli shishini linomthamo ogqithisileyo, kwaye unikezelo ludlula imfuno
Ukuphendula ingxaki yomthamo ogqithisileyo, nangona urhulumente ekwalungise ngabom ishishini le-aluminium ye-electrolytic, izinga lokukhula kwamandla lisadlula ulindelo. Kwisiqingatha sokuqala sika-2019, ngenxa yempembelelo yokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo kunye neemeko zemarike, izinga lokusebenza kwamashishini eHenan laliphantsi kakhulu. Amashishini ngamanye kwimimandla yasentshona-ntshona nasempuma yeTshayina aqala ukutshintsha ukuya kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo. Nokuba umthamo omtsha ukhululwe, ukunikezelwa okupheleleyo kweshishini kuhlala kuphezulu kwaye kwakungaphezulu. Ngokwezibalo, ukususela ngoJanuwari ukuya kuJuni ka-2019, imveliso ephambili ye-aluminium yaseTshayina yayiyi-17.4373 yezigidi zeetoni, ngelixa imveliso yokwenyani ye-anode ezibhakiweyo ifikelele kwi-9,546,400 yeetoni, edlula inani lokwenyani le-aluminium ye-electrolytic ngeetoni ezingama-82.78, ngelixa i-aluminium yaseTshayina isebenzisa ii-anode ezibhakiweyo. Amandla emveliso yonyaka afikelele kwi-28.78 yezigidi zeetoni.
Okwesibini, izixhobo zobugcisa zibuyela umva, kwaye iimveliso zixutyiwe.
Okwangoku, uninzi lwamashishini luvelisa izixhobo, ngenxa yokusebenza ngesantya esiphezulu kwinqanaba lokuqala lemveliso, ezinye izixhobo zidlule kakhulu ixesha lenkonzo, iingxaki zezixhobo ziye zatyhilwa emva kwenye, kwaye uzinzo lwemveliso alunakuqinisekiswa. Ingasathethwa ke ngabanye abavelisi bekhabhoni abanomthamo omncinci wemveliso, izixhobo zobugcisa zisenokungafikeleli kwimigangatho yobugcisa yelizwe, kwaye iimveliso eziveliswayo nazo zineengxaki zomgangatho. Kakade ke, zininzi izinto ezibangela iingxaki zomgangatho wemveliso. Ukongeza kwimpembelelo yezixhobo zobugcisa, umgangatho wezinto ezikrwada uya kunciphisa umgangatho weemveliso zekhabhoni.
Okwesithathu, umgaqo-nkqubo wokukhusela okusingqongileyo ungxamisekile, kwaye uxinzelelo kumashishini ekhabhoni luhlala lukho
Phantsi kwemvelaphi yokusingqongileyo ye-"Green Water kunye neGreen Mountain", isibhakabhaka esiluhlaza kunye namafu amhlophe akhuselekile, imigaqo-nkqubo yokukhusela indalo yasekhaya ixhaphakile, kwaye uxinzelelo kwishishini lekhabhoni luyanda. I-aluminium ye-electrolytic ephantsi nayo iphantsi kokhuseleko lwendalo, iindleko zemveliso kunye neminye imiba, ukuphunyezwa kokuguqulwa kwamandla, okubangela ukunyuka kweendleko zothutho lweshishini lekhabhoni, umjikelo wentlawulo owandisiweyo, imali yokutshintsha kwenkampani kunye neminye imiba ichazwa kancinci kancinci.
Okwesine, ukungqubana kwezorhwebo lwehlabathi kuyakhula, indlela esetyenziswa ngayo kumazwe ngamazwe itshintsha kakhulu
Ngo-2019, indlela yehlabathi yatshintsha, kwaye iimfazwe zorhwebo phakathi kweBrexit kunye neSino-US zachaphazela imeko yezoqoqosho yamazwe ngamazwe. Ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka, umthamo wokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwishishini lekhabhoni waqala ukwehla kancinci. Utshintshiselwano lwangaphandle olufunyenwe ngamashishini lwaluncipha, kwaye amanye amashishini sele elahlekelwe. Ukususela ngoJanuwari ukuya kuSeptemba ka-2019, uluhlu olupheleleyo lweemveliso zekhabhoni lufikelele kwiitoni ezingama-374,007, ukwanda kwe-19.28% unyaka nonyaka; umthamo wokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe weemveliso zekhabhoni wawuziitoni ezingama-316,865, ukwehla konyaka nonyaka kwe-20.26%; utshintshiselwano lwangaphandle olufunyenwe ngokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe lwaluziidola zaseMelika eziyi-1,080.72 yezigidi, ukwehla konyaka nonyaka kwe-29.97%.
Kwishishini le-aluminium yekhabhoni, xa kukho izinto ezininzi ezibuhlungu ezifana nomgangatho, iindleko, ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, njl.njl., amashishini ekhabhoni angayiphucula njani ngempumelelo indawo yawo yokuhlala, aphule umqobo aze aphume ngokukhawuleza “kwiingxaki”?
Okokuqala, fudumeza iqela kwaye ukhuthaze uphuhliso lwenkampani
Uphuhliso lomntu ngamnye lweshishini lulinganiselwe, kwaye kunzima kukhuphiswano lwezoqoqosho olunobundlobongela. Amashishini kufuneka afumanise iziphene zawo ngexesha elifanelekileyo, adibanise amashishini awo aphezulu, aze afudumale iqela ukuze aphucule indawo yawo yokuhlala. Kule meko, akufuneki sisebenzisane kuphela namaqabane asekhaya okanye amakhonkco emizi-mveliso asezantsi naphezulu, kodwa kufuneka "sihambe kwihlabathi liphela" ngokukhutheleyo kwimeko ekhoyo, kwaye sandise iqonga lophuhliso lwetekhnoloji yamazwe ngamazwe kunye neqonga lokutshintshiselana lamashishini, elinceda ngakumbi ekudityanisweni kwetekhnoloji yenkunzi yeshishini kunye nemarike yeshishini. Yandisa.
Okwesibini, ukuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe, ukuphuculwa kwezixhobo, ukuphucula umgangatho wemveliso
Izixhobo zobugcisa zezinye zezinto ezibalulekileyo ezichaphazela umgangatho weemveliso. Iimveliso zoshishino lwekhabhoni kufuneka zitshintshe ukusuka ekunyuseni ubungakanani ukuya ekuphuculeni umgangatho kunye nokwenza ngcono ulwakhiwo. Iimveliso zekhabhoni kufuneka zivumelane nenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji yamashishini e-aluminium e-electrolytic kwaye zibonelele ngokonga amandla okuqinileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa okungaphantsi komsinga. Isiqinisekiso esinamandla. Kufuneka sikhawulezise uphuhliso lwezixhobo ezintsha zekhabhoni ngamalungelo obunini bobukrelekrele azimeleyo kunye nokuvelisa izinto ezintsha ngokuzimeleyo, sijonge uphando kunye nophuhliso kunye nokuphumelela kwekhonkco lonke leshishini, kwaye sisebenzisane ngokusondeleyo ne-upstream kunye ne-downstream ukuze sikhawuleze siphumeze kwaye siphucule umgangatho wezixhobo ezikrwada ezifana ne-needle coke kunye ne-polyacrylonitrile raw silk. Yaphula i-monopoly kwaye wandise inyathelo lemveliso.
Okwesithathu, ukuqinisa ukuzibamba kwenkampani kunye nokubambelela kulondolozo oluluhlaza
Ngokwengcamango yophuhliso lwesizwe esithi “Green Water Qingshan yiJinshan Yinshan”, i-“Non-carbon Energy Consumption Limits for Carbon Products” esandul’ ukukhutshwa iphunyeziwe, kwaye umgangatho weqela elithi “Carbon Industry Air Pollutant Emission Standards” nawo ungoSeptemba 2019. Ukuqaliswa kwaqala ngomhla woku-1. Ukuzinza kweCarbon green yindlela yanamhlanje. Amashishini kufuneka aqinise ukugcinwa kwamandla kunye nolawulo lokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa, aqinise utyalo-mali kwizixhobo zokukhusela okusingqongileyo, kwaye afezekise ukuphinda kusetyenziswe ngelixa ukukhutshwa komoya okuphantsi kakhulu, okunokukhuthaza ngempumelelo amashishini ukuba anciphise iindleko kwaye anyuse ukusebenza kakuhle.
Ngophuhliso lwamashishini amakhulu kunye neemodeli ezixhasayo, xa kujongwe "umgangatho, iindleko, ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo" kunye nezinye iingxaki, uninzi lwee-SME lunokufikelela njani ekufudumaleni kwamaqela kwaye luphucule ngempumelelo ukudibana kunye nokuthengwa? Iqonga lenkonzo yolwazi lwemizi-mveliso le-China Merchants Carbon Research Institute linokufanisa ngempumelelo nangokukrelekrele ishishini lolawulo lobuchwepheshe elihambelanayo lamashishini, liphumeze ngokwenene ukunciphisa iindleko kunye nokunyuka kokusebenza kakuhle kwamashishini, kwaye likhuthaze uphuhliso olukhawulezileyo lomgangatho wamashishini.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Novemba-20-2019