Ngo-2019, ukungezwani kwezohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe kwaqhubeka, futhi umnotho womhlaba washintsha kakhulu. Ngaphansi kwesizinda esinjalo semvelo, intuthuko yemboni ye-aluminium yasekhaya nayo yashintshashintsha. Amabhizinisi ezimboni akhuphukayo naphansi azungeze intuthuko yemboni ye-aluminium aqala ukulahlekelwa yimali, futhi amaphuzu abuhlungu abonakala kancane kancane.
Okokuqala, imboni inamandla amaningi, futhi ukunikezwa kudlula isidingo
Ukuphendula inkinga yomthamo omkhulu, yize umbuso uphinde walungisa ngamabomu imboni ye-aluminium ye-electrolytic, izinga lokukhula kwamandla lisadlula okulindelwe. Engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2019, ngenxa yethonya lokuvikelwa kwemvelo kanye nezimo zemakethe, izinga lokusebenza kwamabhizinisi eHenan laliphansi kakhulu. Amabhizinisi ngamanye ezindaweni ezisenyakatho-ntshonalanga nasempumalanga yeShayina aqala ukushintsha ngamazinga ahlukahlukene. Ngisho noma umthamo omusha ukhishwe, inani eliphelele lokunikezwa kwemboni lahlala liphezulu futhi lalinamandla amakhulu. Ngokwezibalo, kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya kuJuni 2019, umkhiqizo oyinhloko we-aluminium eShayina wawungamathani ayizigidi ezingu-17.4373, kanti umkhiqizo wangempela wama-anode abhakiwe kusengaphambili wafinyelela kumathani angu-9,546,400, okwadlula inani langempela le-aluminium ye-electrolytic ngamathani angu-82.78, kuyilapho i-aluminium yaseShayina isebenzisa ama-anode abhakiwe kusengaphambili. Umthamo wokukhiqiza waminyaka yonke ufinyelele kumathani ayizigidi ezingu-28.78.
Okwesibili, imishini yobuchwepheshe ibuyela emuva, futhi imikhiqizo ixubene.
Njengamanje, amabhizinisi amaningi akhiqiza imishini, ngenxa yokusebenza okusheshayo esigabeni sokuqala sokukhiqiza, eminye imishini idlule kakhulu isikhathi sesevisi, izinkinga zemishini ziye zadalulwa ngokulandelana, futhi ukuzinza kokukhiqiza akunakuqinisekiswa. Ingasaphathwa eyokuthi abanye abakhiqizi bekhabhoni abanekhono elincane lokukhiqiza, imishini yobuchwepheshe ingase ingahlangabezani nezindinganiso zobuchwepheshe zemboni kazwelonke, futhi imikhiqizo ekhiqizwayo nayo inezinkinga zekhwalithi. Yiqiniso, kunezinto eziningi ezibangela izinkinga zekhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Ngaphezu komthelela wemishini yobuchwepheshe, ikhwalithi yezinto zokusetshenziswa izophinde yehlise ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo yekhabhoni.
Okwesithathu, inqubomgomo yokuvikela imvelo iyaphuthuma, futhi ingcindezi emabhizinisini ekhabhoni ihlala ikhona
Ngaphansi kwesizinda semvelo se-“Green Water and Green Mountain”, isibhakabhaka esiluhlaza namafu amhlophe kuyavikelwa, izinqubomgomo zokuvikela imvelo zasekhaya zivame kakhulu, futhi ingcindezi embonini yekhabhoni iyanda. I-aluminium ye-electrolytic engezansi nayo ingaphansi kokuvikelwa kwemvelo, izindleko zokukhiqiza nezinye izinkinga, ukusetshenziswa kokuguqulwa kwamandla, okuholela ekwandeni kwezindleko zokuthutha embonini yekhabhoni, umjikelezo wokukhokha owengeziwe, izimali zokushintshana kwezinkampani kanye nezinye izinkinga zidalulwa kancane kancane.
Okwesine, ukungezwani kwezohwebo emhlabeni wonke kuyakhula, isimo samazwe ngamazwe siyashintsha kakhulu
Ngo-2019, iphethini yomhlaba yashintsha, kanti izimpi zezohwebo phakathi kwe-Brexit kanye ne-Sino-US zathinta isimo somnotho wamazwe ngamazwe. Ekuqaleni kwalonyaka, inani lokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe embonini yekhabhoni laqala ukwehla kancane. Imali yangaphandle etholwe amabhizinisi yayincipha, kanti amanye amabhizinisi asevele elahlekelwe. Kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya kuSepthemba ka-2019, inani eliphelele lemikhiqizo yekhabhoni lafika kumathani angu-374,007, ukwanda ngo-19.28% unyaka nonyaka; inani lokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwemikhiqizo yekhabhoni lalingamathani angu-316,865, ukwehla konyaka nonyaka ngo-20.26%; imali yangaphandle etholwe yimali yangaphandle yayingu-1,080.72 million dollars, ukwehla konyaka nonyaka ngo-29.97%.
Embonini yekhabhoni ye-aluminium, lapho kubhekene nezinkinga eziningi ezifana nekhwalithi, izindleko, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo, njll., amabhizinisi ekhabhoni angayithuthukisa kanjani ngempumelelo indawo yawo yokuhlala, aqede umkhawulo futhi aphume ngokushesha “ebunzimeni”?
Okokuqala, fudumeza iqembu futhi ukhuthaze intuthuko yenkampani
Intuthuko yomuntu ngamunye yebhizinisi ilinganiselwe, futhi kunzima emncintiswaneni wezomnotho ononya. Amabhizinisi kudingeka athole amaphutha awo ngesikhathi esifanele, ahlanganise amabhizinisi awo aphezulu, futhi afudumale iqembu ukuze athuthukise indawo yawo yokuhlala. Kulokhu, akumelwe nje sibambisane nabalingani basekhaya noma izintambo zezimboni ezikhuphukayo neziphansi, kodwa futhi “sihambe emhlabeni wonke” ngenkuthalo esimweni esikhona, futhi sandise ipulatifomu yokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bamazwe ngamazwe kanye nokushintshana kwamabhizinisi, okusiza kakhulu ekuhlanganisweni kobuchwepheshe bezimali zebhizinisi kanye nemakethe yebhizinisi. Yandisa.
Okwesibili, ukusungula izinto ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe, ukuthuthukiswa kwemishini, ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo
Imishini yobuchwepheshe ingenye yezinto ezibalulekile ezithinta ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo. Imikhiqizo yemboni yekhabhoni kudingeka ishintshe kusukela ekukhuleni kwenani kuya ekuthuthukisweni kwekhwalithi kanye nokwenza ngcono isakhiwo. Imikhiqizo yekhabhoni kufanele ivumelane nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe yamabhizinisi e-aluminium e-electrolytic futhi inikeze ukonga amandla okuqinile kanye nokusetshenziswa okuphansi. Isiqinisekiso esinamandla. Kumelwe sisheshise ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto ezintsha zekhabhoni ngamalungelo obunikazi obuzimele kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha okuzimele, sibheke ucwaningo kanye nentuthuko kanye nokuthuthuka kochungechunge lonke lwemboni, futhi sisebenzisane eduze ne-upstream kanye ne-downstream ukuze sisheshe sidlule futhi sithuthukise ikhwalithi yezinto zokusetshenziswa ezifana ne-needle coke kanye ne-polyacrylonitrile raw silk. Phula i-monopoly futhi wandise isinyathelo sokukhiqiza.
Okwesithathu, qinisa ukuzithiba kwenkampani futhi unamathele ekuzinzeni okuluhlaza
Ngokusho komqondo wokuthuthukiswa kwe-“Green Water Qingshan is Jinshan Yinshan” kazwelonke, i-“Non-carbon Energy Consumption Limits for Carbon Products” esanda kukhishwa isetshenzisiwe, kanti ne-“Carbon Industry Air Pollutant Emission Standards” group nayo iyasebenza ngoSepthemba 2019. Iqale ukusebenza ngomhlaka-1 kuMandulo. Ukusimama kokusetshenziswa kokusetshenziswa komoya ongcolile kuyisitayela sesikhathi. Amabhizinisi adinga ukuqinisa ukongiwa kwamandla kanye nokuphathwa kokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa, aqinise ukutshalwa kwezimali emishinini yokuvikela imvelo, futhi afinyelele ekusetshenzisweni kabusha ngenkathi ukukhishwa komoya okuphansi kakhulu, okungakhuthaza ngempumelelo amabhizinisi ukunciphisa izindleko nokwandisa ukusebenza kahle.
Ngokuthuthuka kwamabhizinisi amakhulu kanye namamodeli asekelayo, lapho kubhekene "nekhwalithi, izindleko, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo" kanye nezinye izingcindezi, ama-SME amaningi angakufeza kanjani ukushisa kwamaqembu futhi athuthukise ngempumelelo ukuhlanganiswa nokuthengwa? Ipulatifomu yensizakalo yolwazi lwezimboni ye-China Merchants Carbon Research Institute ingafanisa ngempumelelo nangokuhlakanipha ibhizinisi lokuphathwa kobuchwepheshe elihambisanayo lamabhizinisi, iqalise ngempela ukunciphisa izindleko kanye nokwenyuka kokusebenza kahle kwamabhizinisi, futhi ikhuthaze intuthuko esheshayo yekhwalithi yebhizinisi.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Novemba-20-2019