Kwiinkqubo zamandla e-electrochemical ezihlala zitshintsha,i-graphite feltIbonakala njengezinto ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwikhabhoni, ineempawu ezizodwa zesakhiwo, zombane, nezekhemikhali. Nangona ingengabo bonke uyilo lweeseli zefutha olusebenzisa i-graphite felt ngokubanzi, indima yalo—ingakumbi kwiinkqubo zeeseli zefutha eziphambili kunye neeseli zefutha ze-hybrid—iye yatsala ingqalelo ngakumbi kwiinjineli kunye nabayili beenkqubo abazinikele ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kweeseli zefutha kuzo zombini izixhobo kunye namanqanaba enkqubo.
I. Iimpawu ezisisiseko ze-Graphite felt
Ngokwembono yesayensi yezinto eziphathekayo, i-graphite felt yinethiwekhi enemingxuma emithathu eyenziwe ziifayibha zekhabhoni ezidityanisiweyo, eziqhele ukuvela kwi-polyacrylonitrile (PAN) okanye ii-pitch precursors kwaye zenziwe nge-graphitized kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu. Olu lwakhiwo lunika i-graphite felt uluhlu lweempawu ezibaluleke kakhulu kwiindawo ze-electrochemical:
● Ukuqhuba umbane okuphezulu: ukuqinisekisa ukuthuthwa kwee-elektroni
● Ubuninzi be-porosity (>90%): ukwenza kube lula ukungena kwegesi okanye ulwelo
● Ukumelana nokugqwala okunamandla: okukwaziyo ukumelana neendawo ezine-asidi/i-oxidation (umz., ii-PEMFC)
● Ukumelana kakuhle nokucinezelwa: okuncedisa ekuzinzeni koqhagamshelwano
● Ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu: kufanelekile kwiinkqubo ze-electrochemical ezishushu kakhulu
II. Indima yeGraphite Felt kwiiSeli zeFuel ezahlukeneyo
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-graphite felt kwiteknoloji ye-fuel cell kuyahluka kakhulu ngokuxhomekeke kuyilo lwenkqubo.
1. Iibhetri zeFlow (umz., iibhetri zevanadium redox flow) – Izinto zeCore Electrode
Kwiinkqubo ze-electrochemical zesigaba solwelo – ingakumbi iibhetri zokuhamba, ezihlala zixoxwa kunye netekhnoloji yeeseli zepetroli ngenxa yemigaqo yazo efanayo ye-electrochemical – i-graphite felt isetyenziswa njengesixhobo esiphambili se-electrode. Indawo yayo ephezulu yomphezulu kunye nesakhiwo sayo esinemingxuma edibeneyo zibonelela ngeendawo ezininzi ezisebenzayo zeempendulo ze-redox ngelixa zikhuthaza ukuhamba kwe-electrolyte. Iinkqubo zokuguqula umphezulu ezifana nokusebenza kobushushu okanye i-oxidation zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukuphucula ukumanzi kwayo kunye nomsebenzi we-catalytic, okuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kwenkqubo kunye nokuzinza komjikelo.
2. KwiiPEM Fuel Cells (iiProton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells) – Izixhobo zoNxibelelwano/zoNcedo oluNcedisayo
Ngokwahlukileyo koko, kwiinkqubo ze-proton exchange membrane (PEM), i-graphite felt ayilokhetho oluqhelekileyo lwe-gas diffusion layer (GDL). Iphepha le-carbon okanye ilaphu le-carbon lilawula ngenxa yokulinganisela kwayo okuphuculweyo kwi-conductivity, ukuqina koomatshini, kunye nokwenziwa kwayo. Nangona kunjalo, i-graphite felt ifumene usetyenziso olulodwa kwezinye ii-PEM configurations ezikhethekileyo, ngakumbi apho kufuneka ulawulo lwamanzi oluphuculweyo okanye ukusasazwa kwegesi. I-porosity yayo ephezulu inokuphucula ukusebenza kokudluliselwa kobuninzi phantsi komswakama ophezulu okanye iimeko ezixhomekeke kumswakama, kodwa oku kwazisa urhwebo ekuchaseni uqhagamshelwano kunye nokuzinza koxinzelelo, ekufuneka kujongwane nalo ngolawulo olucwangcisiweyo ngononophelo lwe-stack kunye noxinzelelo.
3. Kwii-Fuel Cells ezikwiqondo lobushushu obuphezulu (ii-SOFC, njl.njl.) – I-Auxiliary Conductive/Sealing Buffer
Kwiinkqubo zobushushu obuphezulu (umz., ii-electrolyzers ze-oxide eqinileyo), i-graphite felt ayisetyenziswa njenge-electrochemical component ephambili ngenxa yokuba izinto ze-ceramic zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwii-electrodes kunye ne-electrolyte. Nangona kunjalo, inokusebenza imisebenzi yokuncedisa, kubandakanya i-conductive buffering, inkxaso yokutywina, okanye ukwamkela ukwanda kobushushu kwizixhobo zokuncedisa okanye kwiindawo ezisebenzisanayo. Nangona ezi ndima zingengowesibini, zibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuqina kwexesha elide kunye nokuthembeka koomatshini phantsi kweemeko zokusebenza ezinzima.
III. Isishwankathelo seendima eziphambili kwiTekhnoloji yeeSeli zeFuel
Ngokwembono yobunjineli benkqubo, ixabiso le-graphite felt lixhomekeke kubuchule bayo bokudibanisa imisebenzi emininzi ngaphakathi kwento enye. Ulwakhiwo lwayo olunemilinganiselo emithathu luvumela ukwakheka kwe-interfaces ezandisiweyo ze-electrochemical, okwandisa ngempumelelo indawo yempendulo esebenzayo ngaphandle kokwandisa kakhulu umkhondo wenkqubo. Kwangaxeshanye, inegalelo ekusasazweni kolwelo olufanayo, inciphisa i-concentration gradients kwaye inciphise ilahleko ze-polarization ezinxulumene nemida yokudluliselwa kobunzima. Ukuhlanganiswa ngokufanelekileyo kwe-graphite felt kwenza kube lula ukwakhiwa kwenethiwekhi eqhubayo eqhubekayo, ngaloo ndlela kunciphisa ukumelana kwangaphakathi kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo iyonke.
Ngaphezu koko, idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekwenzeni ngcono oomatshini kunye nokuhlanganiswa. Ukucinezeleka okungokwemvelo kunye nokuqina kwe-graphite felt kuyivumela ukuba ikwazi ukuziqhelanisa nokunyamezela kokwenziwa kwaye igcine unxibelelwano oluzinzileyo phakathi kwe-interfacial phantsi kweemeko zokubeka. Olu phawu luluncedo ngakumbi kwiinkqubo ze-modular okanye ezinkulu, njengoko ukusasazwa okufanayo kubalulekile ukuze kusebenze ngendlela efanayo.
IV. Kutheni Ukhetha Amandla e-VET?
Kwicandelo leeseli zamafutha kunye nezicelo ze-electrochemical ezinxulumene nobushushu obuphezulu, i-VET Energy, isebenzisa amava ayo otyalo-mali lwe-R&D kunye nobunjineli kwizixhobo ezisekwe kwikhabhoni, yakhe inkqubo yemveliso ebanzi ye-graphite felt kunye nezinto ezidityanisiweyo ezigubungela iimeko ezahlukeneyo zesicelo, ibonelela ngezisombululo ezilungiselelwe kakuhle kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeseli zamafutha. Izisombululo zezinto ze-VET Energy zisetyenziswe kakhulu kwiiteknoloji ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya iiseli zamafutha ze-proton exchange membrane kunye neeseli zamafutha ze-solid oxide, kwaye ziphuculwe kwaye zaqinisekiswa kwiinkqubo ezandisiweyo ezifana neebhetri zokuhamba. Ukuba uphonononga amandla okusetyenziswa kwei-graphite feltkunye nezixhobo zekhabhoni ezinxulumene nazo kwiinkqubo ze-electrochemical, okanye unqwenela ukuphucula ngakumbi iinkqubo kunye nokusebenza okukhoyo, nceda uzive ukhululekile ukunxibelelana nathi ukuze kuxoxwe kwaye kusetyenziswane ukuze kukhuthazwe uphuhliso lwetekhnoloji yeeseli zamafutha zesizukulwana esilandelayo.
Ixesha leposi: Epreli-03-2026