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Usoro mmeghari anụ ahụ na kemịkalụ
Usoro mkpali anụ ahụ na nke kemịkalụ na-ezo aka n'ụzọ esi akwadebe ihe ndị nwere oghere site na ijikọta ụzọ mkpali abụọ dị n'elu. N'ozuzu, a na-ebu ụzọ mee ka kemịkalụ rụọ ọrụ, emesịa a na-eme ka anụ ahụ rụọ ọrụ. Buru ụzọ tinye cellulose na mmiri H3PO4 nke 68% ~ 85% na 85℃ maka awa 2, wee tinye ya na carbon n'ime ọkụ muffle maka awa 4, wee mee ka ọ rụọ ọrụ na CO2. Ebe a kapịrị ọnụ nke carbon arụ ọrụ enwetara dị elu ruo 3700m2·g-1. Gbalịa iji eriri sisal dị ka ihe eji arụ ọrụ, ma mee ka eriri carbon arụ ọrụ (ACF) nke H3PO4 mere ọrụ rụọ ọrụ otu ugboro, kpoo ya ọkụ ruo 830℃ n'okpuru nchekwa N2, wee jiri uzuoku mmiri dị ka ihe na-eme ka ọ rụọ ọrụ maka mkpali nke abụọ. E mezigharịrị mpaghara elu kpọmkwem nke ACF enwetara mgbe nkeji 60 nke mmalite ọrụ gasịrị.
Nkọwa nke arụmọrụ nhazi oghere nke arụ ọrụkabọn
E gosiri ụzọ njirimara arụmọrụ carbon a na-ejikarị eme ihe na ntuziaka ojiji na Tebụl 2. Enwere ike ịnwale njirimara nhazi oghere nke ihe ahụ site na akụkụ abụọ: nyocha data na nyocha onyonyo.
Nnyocha ọganihu nke teknụzụ nhazi oghere nke carbon arụ ọrụ
Ọ bụ ezie na kabọn a na-arụ ọrụ nwere oghere dị elu na nnukwu oke elu, ọ nwere arụmọrụ dị mma n'ọtụtụ ubi. Agbanyeghị, n'ihi oke nhọrọ ihe eji emepụta ihe na ọnọdụ nkwadebe dị mgbagwoju anya, ngwaahịa emechara na-enwekarị ọghọm nke nhazi oghere dị iche iche, mpaghara elu dị iche iche, nkesa nha oghere dị iche iche, na obere ihe onwunwe kemịkalụ elu. Ya mere, enwere ọghọm dị ka nnukwu dose na mgbanwe dị warara na usoro ntinye, nke na-enweghị ike izute ihe achọrọ n'ahịa. Ya mere, ọ dị oke mkpa imeziwanye ma hazie nhazi ahụ ma melite arụmọrụ ojiji ya zuru oke. Ụzọ ndị a na-ejikarị eme ihe maka imeziwanye na ịchịkwa nhazi oghere gụnyere iwu kemịkalụ, ngwakọta polymer, na iwu mkpali catalytic.
Teknụzụ iwu kemịkalụ
Teknụzụ nhazi kemịkalụ na-ezo aka n'usoro nke mmegharị nke abụọ (mgbanwe) nke ihe ndị nwere oghere e nwetara mgbe ejiri ihe ndị na-emepụta kemịkalụ rụọ ọrụ, na-emebi oghere ndị mbụ, na-agbasa oghere ndị ahụ, ma ọ bụ na-emepụta obere oghere ọhụrụ iji mee ka mpaghara elu na nhazi oghere nke ihe ahụ dịkwuo elu. N'ikwu ya n'ozuzu, a na-etinyekarị ihe mejupụtara otu mmalite n'ime mmiri kemịkalụ ugboro 0.5 ~ 4 iji chịkwaa nhazi oghere ahụ ma mee ka mpaghara elu ahụ dịkwuo elu. Enwere ike iji ụdị ngwọta acid na alkali niile dị ka ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe maka mmegharị nke abụọ.
Teknụzụ mgbanwe oxidation elu acid
Mgbanwe oxidation elu acid bụ usoro a na-ejikarị achịkwa. N'ọnọdụ okpomọkụ kwesịrị ekwesị, oxidants acid nwere ike ime ka oghere dị n'ime carbon arụ ọrụ baa ụba, melite nha oghere ya, ma gwepịa oghere ndị mechiri emechi. Ugbu a, nnyocha ime obodo na nke mba ọzọ na-elekwasị anya na mgbanwe nke acid inorganic. HN03 bụ oxidant a na-ejikarị eme ihe, ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta na-ejikwa HN03 emeziwanye carbon arụ ọrụ. Tong Li et al. [28] chọpụtara na HN03 nwere ike ime ka ọdịnaya nke otu ọrụ nwere oxygen na nitrogen dị elu n'elu carbon arụ ọrụ ma melite mmetụta adsorption nke mercury.
Mgbe e mechara mgbanwe na carbon ejiri HN03 gbanwee, ebe a na-eme ka carbon rụọ ọrụ belatara site na 652m2·g-1 ruo 241m2·g-1, nkezi oghere ahụ mụbara site na 1.27nm ruo 1.641nm, ikike nnabata nke benzophenone na mmanụ ụgbọala e ji ígwè mee mụbara site na 33.7%. Ịgbanwe na carbon ejiri osisi mee ka ọ rụọ ọrụ na ntinye olu 10% na 70% nke HN03, n'otu n'otu. Nsonaazụ ya gosiri na mpaghara elu kpọmkwem nke carbon ejiri 10% HN03 gbanwere site na 925.45m2·g-1 ruo 960.52m2·g-1; mgbe emezigharịrị ya na 70% HN03, mpaghara elu kpọmkwem belatara ruo 935.89m2·g-1. Ọnụego mwepụ nke Cu2+ site na carbon ejiri gbanwetụrụ na ntinye abụọ nke HN03 karịrị 70% na 90%, n'otu n'otu.
Maka carbon a na-arụ ọrụ nke ejiri mee ihe n'ọhịa adsorption, mmetụta adsorption na-adabere ọ bụghị naanị na nhazi oghere kamakwa na njirimara kemịkalụ elu nke adsorbent. Nhazi oghere ahụ na-ekpebi mpaghara elu kpọmkwem na ikike adsorption nke carbon a na-arụ ọrụ, ebe njirimara kemịkalụ elu na-emetụta mmekọrịta dị n'etiti carbon a na-arụ ọrụ na adsorbate. N'ikpeazụ, achọpụtara na mgbanwe acid nke carbon a na-arụ ọrụ nwere ike ọ bụghị naanị ịgbanwe nhazi oghere dị n'ime carbon a na-arụ ọrụ ma kpochapụ oghere ndị a kpọchiri akpọchi, kamakwa ịbawanye ọdịnaya nke otu acidic n'elu ihe ahụ ma mee ka polarity na hydrophilicity nke elu ahụ dịkwuo mma. Ike adsorption nke EDTA site na carbon a na-arụ ọrụ nke HCI gbanwere mụbara site na 49.5% ma e jiri ya tụnyere nke tupu mgbanwe, nke ka mma karịa nke mgbanwe HNO3.
Emegharịrị kabọn a na-arụ ọrụ n'ahịa site na iji HNO3 na H2O2 n'otu n'otu! Ebe ndị dị n'elu mgbe emezigharịrị bụ 91.3% na 80.8% nke ndị dị tupu emezigharịrị, n'otu n'otu. E tinyere otu ọrụ ọhụrụ nwere oxygen dị ka carboxyl, carbonyl na phenol n'elu. Ike adsorption nke nitrobenzene site na mgbanwe HNO3 bụ nke kacha mma, nke bụ ugboro 3.3 karịa tupu emezigharịrị. Achọpụtara na mmụba nke ọdịnaya nke otu ọrụ nwere oxygen na carbon a na-arụ ọrụ mgbe emezigharịrị acid mere ka ọnụọgụgụ isi ihe na-arụ ọrụ n'elu dịkwuo elu, nke nwere mmetụta kpọmkwem na imeziwanye ikike adsorption nke adsorbate ebumnuche.
Ma e jiri ya tụnyere asịd ndị na-adịghị n'ime ahụ, akụkọ ole na ole gbasara mgbanwe asịd organic nke carbon a na-arụ ọrụ. Tụlee mmetụta nke mgbanwe asịd organic na njirimara nhazi oghere nke carbon a na-arụ ọrụ na methanol a na-etinye. Mgbe emezigharịrị ya, mpaghara elu kpọmkwem na oke oghere niile nke carbon a na-arụ ọrụ belatara. Ka asịd siri ike, otú ahụ ka mbelata ahụ na-abawanye. Mgbe emezigharịrị ya na oxalic acid, tartaric acid na citric acid, mpaghara elu kpọmkwem nke carbon a na-arụ ọrụ belatara site na 898.59m2·g-1 ruo 788.03m2·g-1, 685.16m2·g-1 na 622.98m2·g-1 n'otu n'otu. Agbanyeghị, obere porosity nke carbon a na-arụ ọrụ mụbara mgbe emezigharịrị ya. Microporosity nke carbon a na-arụ ọrụ gbanwere na citric acid mụbara site na 75.9% ruo 81.5%.
Mgbanwe oxalic acid na tartaric acid bara uru maka methanol, ebe citric acid nwere mmetụta mgbochi. Agbanyeghị, J.Paul Chen et al. [35] chọpụtara na carbon a na-emegharị emegharị na citric acid nwere ike ime ka mmịpụta nke ion ọla kọpa dịkwuo mma. Lin Tang et al. [36] emezigharịrị carbon a na-emegharị emegharị na formic acid, oxalic acid na aminosulfonic acid. Mgbe emezigharịrị ya, a belatara mpaghara elu na olu oghere. E guzobere otu ọrụ nwere oxygen dị ka 0-HC-0, C-0 na S=0 n'elu ngwaahịa emechara, ọwa ndị a na-adịghị ahụkebe na kristal ọcha pụtara. Ike mmịpụta nguzozi nke acetone na isopropanol mụbara nke ukwuu.
Teknụzụ mgbanwe ngwọta alkaline
Ụfọdụ ndị ọkà mmụta jirikwa ngwọta alkaline mee ihe iji mee ka carbon rụọ ọrụ nke abụọ. Tinye carbon arụ ọrụ nke e ji kol mee n'ụlọ site na iji ihe ngwọta Na0H nke dị iche iche iji chịkwaa nhazi oghere ahụ. Nsonaazụ ya gosiri na obere njupụta alkali na-enyere aka ịbawanye na ịgbasa oghere ahụ. E nwetara mmetụta kachasị mma mgbe njupụta oke ahụ dị 20%. Kabọn arụ ọrụ nwere mpaghara elu kachasị elu (681m2·g-1) na olu oghere (0.5916cm3·g-1). Mgbe njupụta oke nke Na0H gafere 20%, a na-ebibi usoro oghere nke carbon arụ ọrụ ma paramita nhazi oghere ahụ amalite ibelata. Nke a bụ n'ihi na njupụta dị elu nke ihe ngwọta Na0H ga-emebi ọkpụkpụ carbon ahụ ma ọtụtụ pores ga-ada.
Nkwadebe nke carbon a na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma site na ngwakọta polymer. Ihe ndị bu ụzọ bụ furfural resin na furfuryl alcohol, ethylene glycol bụkwa ihe na-emepụta pore. A na-achịkwa nhazi pore ahụ site na ịhazi ọdịnaya nke polymer atọ ahụ, e wee nweta ihe pore nwere nha pore dị n'etiti 0.008 na 5 μm. Ụfọdụ ndị ọkà mmụta egosila na enwere ike ime ka ihe nkiri polyurethane-imide (PUI) bụrụ carbon iji nweta ihe nkiri carbon, a pụkwara ijikwa nhazi pore ahụ site na ịgbanwe nhazi molekul nke polyurethane (PU) prepolymer [41]. Mgbe a na-ekpo ọkụ PUI ruo 200°C, a ga-emepụta PU na polyimide (PI). Mgbe okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ ruru 400°C, pyrolysis PU na-emepụta gas, na-ebute nhazi pore na fim PI. Mgbe carbonization gasịrị, a na-enweta ihe nkiri carbon. Na mgbakwunye, usoro ngwakọta polymer nwekwara ike imeziwanye ụfọdụ ihe anụ ahụ na nke mekaniki nke ihe ahụ ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ.
Teknụzụ nchịkwa mkpali catalytic
N'ezie, teknụzụ nchịkwa mkpali nke catalytic bụ ngwakọta nke usoro mkpali kemịkalụ na usoro mkpali gas dị elu. N'ozuzu, a na-agbakwunye ihe kemịkalụ na ihe ndị e ji emepụta ihe dị ka ihe na-akpali akpali, a na-ejikwa ihe na-akpali akpali enyere aka na usoro carbonization ma ọ bụ mmalite iji nweta ihe ndị na-agbaze agbaze. N'ozuzu, ọla na-enwekarị mmetụta catalytic, mana mmetụta catalytic dị iche iche.
N'eziokwu, ọ dịghị ókè doro anya dị n'etiti iwu mkpali kemịkalụ na iwu mkpali catalytic nke ihe ndị nwere oghere. Nke a bụ n'ihi na ụzọ abụọ a na-agbakwụnye ihe ndị na-eme ka ihe dị n'ime mmiri n'oge usoro carbonization na mmalite. Ọrụ kpọmkwem nke ihe ndị a na-eme ka ihe dị n'ime mmiri na-ekpebi ma usoro ahụ ọ bụ nke otu nke mkpali catalytic.
Nhazi nke ihe carbon porous n'onwe ya, ihe anụ ahụ na kemịkalụ nke ihe mkpali ahụ, ọnọdụ mmeghachi omume catalytic na usoro ibu catalytic niile nwere ike inwe oke mmetụta dị iche iche na mmetụta nhazi. Site na iji coal bituminous dị ka ihe eji emepụta ihe, Mn(N03)2 na Cu(N03)2 dị ka ihe mkpali nwere ike ịkwadebe ihe porous nwere metal oxides. Ọnụọgụ kwesịrị ekwesị nke metal oxides nwere ike imeziwanye porosity na olu pore, mana mmetụta catalytic nke metal dị iche iche dịtụ iche. Cu(N03)2 nwere ike ịkwalite mmepe nke pores n'etiti 1.5 ~ 2.0nm. Na mgbakwunye, metal oxides na nnu inorganic dị na ntụ ihe ọkụkụ ga-arụkwa ọrụ catalytic na usoro mmalite. Xie Qiang et al. [42] kwenyere na mmeghachi omume mkpali catalytic nke ihe dị ka calcium na iron na ihe inorganic nwere ike ịkwalite mmepe nke pores. Mgbe ọdịnaya nke ihe abụọ a dị oke elu, oke nke pores ọkara na nnukwu na ngwaahịa ahụ na-abawanye nke ukwuu.
Mmechi
Ọ bụ ezie na carbon a na-arụ ọrụ, dịka ihe e ji eme ka carbon dị nro nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe, arụọla ọrụ dị mkpa n'ụlọ ọrụ na ndụ, ọ ka nwere nnukwu ikike maka imeziwanye na mgbasawanye ihe eji emepụta ihe, mbelata ọnụ ahịa, mmezi mma, mmezi ike, ịgbatị ndụ na mmezi ike. Ịchọta ihe e ji eme ka carbon dị elu ma dị ọnụ ala, ịmepụta teknụzụ mmepụta carbon a na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma na nke dị irè, na imeziwanye na ịchịkwa nhazi oghere nke carbon a na-arụ ọrụ dịka mpaghara ngwa dị iche iche si dị ga-abụ ntụziaka dị mkpa maka imeziwanye mma nke ngwaahịa carbon a na-arụ ọrụ na ịkwalite mmepe dị elu nke ụlọ ọrụ carbon a na-arụ ọrụ.
Oge ozi: Ọgọst-27-2024