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Nzira yekusimbisa muviri nemakemikari
Nzira yekushanda kwemuviri nemakemikari inoreva nzira yekugadzira zvinhu zvine maburi nekubatanidza nzira mbiri dzekushanda dziri pamusoro apa. Kazhinji, kushanda kwemakemikari kunotanga kuitwa, uye ipapo kushanda kwemuviri kunoitwa. Kutanga, nyika cellulose mu 68% ~ 85% H3PO4 solution pa 85℃ kwemaawa maviri, wozoiisa mu muffle furnace kwemaawa mana, wozoiisa mu CO2. Nzvimbo chaiyo ye activated carbon yakawanikwa yaive yakakwira kusvika 3700m2·g-1. Edza kushandisa sisal fiber sezvinhu zvakabikwa, wobva waisa activated carbon fiber (ACF) yakawanikwa ne H3PO4 activation kamwe chete, woipisa kusvika 830℃ pasi pe N2 protection, wobva washandisa water vapor se activator ye secondary activation. Nzvimbo chaiyo ye ACF yakawanikwa mushure memaminitsi makumi matanhatu ekushanda yakagadziridzwa zvakanyanya.
Kutsanangurwa kwekushanda kwechimiro chepore chakabatidzwakabhoni
Nzira dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya dzekugadzirisa mashandiro ekabhoni uye nzira dzekushandisa zvinoratidzwa muTafura 2. Hunhu hwemaburi echinhu chacho hunogona kuyedzwa kubva pazvinhu zviviri: kuongorora data uye kuongorora mifananidzo.
Kufambira mberi kwekutsvaga tekinoroji yekugadzirisa maburi emusana wekabhoni yakakangwa
Kunyangwe kabhoni yakakangwa ine maburi akapfuma uye nzvimbo yakakura chaiyo, ine mashandiro akanaka kwazvo muminda yakawanda. Zvisinei, nekuda kwekusarudza kwayo zvinhu zvakabikwa uye mamiriro akaoma ekugadzirira, zvigadzirwa zvakapedzwa zvinowanzova nematambudziko echimiro chepore chisina kurongeka, nzvimbo yakasiyana chaiyo, kugoverwa kwepore isina kurongeka, uye hunhu hushoma hwemakemikari epamusoro. Naizvozvo, kune matambudziko akadai sehuwandu hwakawanda uye kugona kuchinjika mukushandiswa, izvo zvisingakwanise kusangana nezvinodiwa pamusika. Naizvozvo, zvakakosha zvikuru kugadzirisa nekugadzirisa chimiro uye kuvandudza mashandiro azvo akazara. Nzira dzinowanzoshandiswa pakugadzirisa nekugadzirisa chimiro chepore dzinosanganisira kutonga kwemakemikari, kusanganisa polymer, uye kutonga kwecatalytic activation.
Tekinoroji yekudzora makemikari
Tekinoroji yekutonga makemikari inoreva maitiro ekugadzirisa zvinhu zvine maburi (kuchinja) zvinhu zvinopinda muvhu zvinowanikwa mushure mekushanda nemakemikari, kubvisa maburi ekutanga, kuwedzera maburi, kana kuwedzera kugadzira maburi matsva kuti awedzere nzvimbo chaiyo yekumusoro uye chimiro chemaburi echinhu chacho. Kazhinji, chigadzirwa chakapedzwa chekushanda kamwe chete chinowanzo nyudzwa mu 0.5 ~ 4 times ye chemical solution kuti igadzirise chimiro chemaburi uye kuwedzera nzvimbo chaiyo yekumusoro. Mhando dzese dzeacid nealkali solutions dzinogona kushandiswa se reagents dzekugadzirisa kwechipiri.
Tekinoroji yekugadzirisa oxidation pamusoro peasidhi
Kuchinja oxidation pamusoro peasidhi inzira inoshandiswa zvakanyanya. Pakupisa kwakakodzera, maacid oxidants anogona kuwedzera mapores ari mukati me activated carbon, kuvandudza saizi yemapore ayo, uye kubvisa mapore akavharika. Pari zvino, tsvakiridzo yemuno neyekunze inonyanya kutarisa pakuchinja ma inorganic acids. HN03 i oxidant inoshandiswa zvakanyanya, uye nyanzvi dzakawanda dzinoshandisa HN03 kugadzirisa activated carbon. Tong Li et al. [28] vakaona kuti HN03 inogona kuwedzera huwandu hwemapoka anoshanda ane oxygen uye ane nitrogen pamusoro pe activated carbon uye kuvandudza adsorption effect ye mercury.
Kugadzirisa kabhoni yakakangwa neHN03, mushure mekuchinja, nzvimbo chaiyo yekabhoni yakakangwa yakadzikira kubva pa652m2·g-1 kusvika pa241m2·g-1, avhareji yehukuru hwepore yakawedzera kubva pa1.27nm kusvika pa1.641nm, uye kugona kwebenzophenone mupeturu yakamisikidzwa kwakawedzera ne33.7%. Kugadzirisa kabhoni yakakangwa nematanda ne10% uye 70% vhoriyamu yeHN03, zvichiteerana. Mhedzisiro yacho inoratidza kuti nzvimbo chaiyo yekabhoni yakakangwa yakagadziriswa ne10% HN03 yakawedzera kubva pa925.45m2·g-1 kusvika pa960.52m2·g-1; mushure mekuchinja ne70% HN03, nzvimbo chaiyo yenzvimbo yakaderera kusvika pa935.89m2·g-1. Mwero wekubvisa Cu2+ nekabhoni yakakangwa yakagadziriswa nezvikamu zviviri zveHN03 yaive pamusoro pe70% ne90%, zvichiteerana.
Kune activated carbon inoshandiswa mumunda we adsorption, adsorption effect haingotsamiri pachimiro chepore chete asiwo pahunhu hwemakemikari epamusoro e adsorbent. Chimiro chepore chinosarudza nzvimbo chaiyo yepamusoro uye kugona kwe adsorption kwe activated carbon, nepo hunhu hwemakemikari epamusoro huchikanganisa kudyidzana pakati pe activated carbon ne adsorbate. Pakupedzisira zvakaonekwa kuti acid modification ye activated carbon haingogadzirise chimiro chepore mukati me activated carbon uye kubvisa ma closed pores, asiwo inowedzera huwandu hwe acidic groups pamusoro pechinhu uye kuwedzera polarity uye hydrophilicity yenzvimbo. Adsorption capacity ye EDTA ne activated carbon modified ne HCI yakawedzera ne49.5% zvichienzaniswa neiyo isati yagadziriswa, iyo yaive nani pane ye HNO3 modification.
Kabhoni yakagadziriswa yekutengeserana ine HNO3 neH2O2 zvakateerana! Nzvimbo dzakatarwa dzepamusoro mushure mekushandurwa dzaive 91.3% uye 80.8% yeidzo dzisati dzagadziriswa, zvichiteerana. Mapoka matsva ane okisijeni akadai secarboxyl, carbonyl nephenol akawedzerwa pamusoro. Kugona kwe nitrobenzene nekuchinja kweHNO3 kwaive kwakanakisa, uko kwaive ka3.3 kupfuura zvisati zvagadziriswa. Zvakawanikwa kuti kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwemapoka anoshanda ane okisijeni mu activated carbon mushure mekuchinja acid kwakaita kuti pave nekuwedzera kwenhamba yenzvimbo dzinoshanda pamusoro, izvo zvakabatsira pakuvandudza kugona kwe adsorption kwe target adsorbate.
Zvichienzaniswa neasiti asina kuumbwa, hapana mishumo yakawanda pamusoro pekuchinja kweasiti yakakangwa mu organic acid. Enzanisa mhedzisiro yekuchinja kweasiti yakakangwa mu organic acid pahunhu hwe pore structure ye activated carbon uye adsorption ye methanol. Mushure mekuchinja, nzvimbo chaiyo yepamusoro uye huwandu hwese hwe activated carbon hwakaderera. Kana acidity yakasimba, kudzikira kwayo kunowedzera. Mushure mekuchinja ne oxalic acid, tartaric acid uye citric acid, nzvimbo chaiyo yepamusoro ye activated carbon yakaderera kubva pa 898.59m2·g-1 kusvika pa 788.03m2·g-1, 685.16m2·g-1 uye 622.98m2·g-1 zvichiteerana. Zvisinei, microporosity ye activated carbon yakawedzera mushure mekuchinja. Microporosity ye activated carbon yakagadziriswa ne citric acid yakawedzera kubva pa 75.9% kusvika pa 81.5%.
Kugadziriswa kwe oxalic acid ne tartaric acid kunobatsira pakunyungudika kwe methanol, nepo citric acid ichidzivirira. Zvisinei, J.Paul Chen nevamwe [35] vakaona kuti activated carbon yakagadziriswa ne citric acid inogona kuwedzera kunyungudika kwema ions emhangura. Lin Tang nevamwe [36] vakachinja commercial activated carbon ne formic acid, oxalic acid ne aminosulfonic acid. Mushure mekushandurwa, nzvimbo chaiyo yepamusoro uye huwandu hwe pore zvakaderedzwa. Mapoka anoshanda ane oxygen akadai se 0-HC-0, C-0 uye S=0 akaumbwa pamusoro pechigadzirwa chakapedzwa, uye nzira dzisina kuenzana uye makristaro machena akaonekwa. Kukwanisa kwe equilibrium adsorption kwe acetone ne isopropanol kwakawedzerawo zvakanyanya.
Tekinoroji yekugadzirisa mhinduro yealkaline
Vamwe vaongorori vakashandisawo mhinduro yealkaline kuita activation yechipiri pane activated carbon. Isai Na0H solution yakagadzirwa nemarasha yakagadzirwa kumba ine huwandu hwakasiyana hwema "concentrations" kuti mudzore chimiro che "pore". Zvakabuda zvakaratidza kuti huwandu hwakaderera hwealkaline hwaibatsira kuwedzera uye kukura kwe "pore". Mhedzisiro yakanaka yakawanikwa apo huwandu hwema "mass concentration" hwaive 20%. "Activated carbon" yaive nenzvimbo yepamusoro yepamusoro (681m2·g-1) uye vhoriyamu ye "pore" (0.5916cm3·g-1). Kana huwandu hweNa0H hwapfuura 20%, chimiro che "pore" che "activated carbon" chinoparadzwa uye ma "pore structure parameters" anotanga kudzikira. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti huwandu hwakawanda hweNa0H solution huchaparadza skeleton yecarbon uye huwandu hwakawanda hwe "pore" huchaputsika.
Kugadzira kabhoni inoshanda zvakanyanya kuburikidza nekusanganisa polymer. Zvinhu zvakatangira zvaive furfural resin nefurfuryl alcohol, uye ethylene glycol ndiyo yaigadzira pore. Chimiro chepore chaidzorwa nekugadzirisa zviri mukati memapolymer matatu, uye chinhu chine porous chine saizi yepore iri pakati pe0.008 ne5 μm chakawanikwa. Dzimwe nyanzvi dzakaratidza kuti polyurethane-imide film (PUI) inogona kugadzirwa kabhoni kuti iwane carbon film, uye chimiro chepore chinogona kudzorwa nekushandura chimiro chemolecular chepolyurethane (PU) prepolymer [41]. Kana PUI yapiswa kusvika 200°C, PU nepolyimide (PI) zvinogadzirwa. Kana tembiricha yekupisa yakwira kusvika 400°C, PU pyrolysis inoburitsa gasi, zvichikonzera kuumbwa kwechimiro chepore paPI film. Mushure mecarbonization, carbon film inowanikwa. Pamusoro pezvo, nzira yepolymer blending inogonawo kuvandudza mamwe maitiro emuviri uye emakanika echinhu kusvika pamwero wakati.
Tekinoroji yekudzora mashandiro eCatalytic activation
Tekinoroji yekudzora mashandiro eCatalytic activation chaizvoizvo musanganiswa wenzira yekushanda kwemakemikari uye nzira yekushanda kwegasi rinopisa zvakanyanya. Kazhinji, zvinhu zvemakemikari zvinowedzerwa kune zvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa semacatalysts, uye macatalysts anoshandiswa kubatsira maitiro ekugadzira carbonization kana activation kuti zvinhu zvekabhoni zvive nemaburi. Kazhinji, simbi dzinowanzova nemhedzisiro yecatalytic, asi mhedzisiro yecatalytic inosiyana.
Kutaura zvazviri, kazhinji hapana muganhu uri pachena pakati pemutemo wekushandiswa kwemakemikari uye mutemo wekushandiswa kwemakemikari pazvinhu zvinopinda. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti nzira dzese dziri mbiri dzinowedzera ma reagents panguva yekushandiswa kwecarbonization uye maitiro ekushandiswa. Basa chairo rema reagents aya rinosarudza kana nzira iyi iri muchikamu chekushandiswa kwemakemikari.
Maumbirwo echinhu chine porous carbon pachayo, hunhu hwemuviri uye hwemakemikari e catalyst, mamiriro e catalytic reaction uye nzira ye catalyst loading zvese zvinogona kuva nematanho akasiyana ekupesvedzera pamhedzisiro yekudzora. Kushandisa bituminous coal sezvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa, Mn(N03)2 uye Cu(N03)2 se catalysts zvinogona kugadzira zvinhu zvine porous zvine metal oxides. Huwandu hwakakodzera hwe metal oxides hunogona kuvandudza porosity uye pore volume, asi catalytic effects yesimbi dzakasiyana dzakasiyana zvishoma. Cu(N03)2 inogona kukurudzira kukura kwema pores ari pakati pe 1.5 ~ 2.0nm. Pamusoro pezvo, metal oxides uye inorganic salts dziri mu raw material ash zvichaitawo basa re catalytic mu activation process. Xie Qiang et al. [42] vaidavira kuti catalytic activation reaction yezvinhu zvakaita se calcium ne iron mu inorganic matter inogona kukurudzira kukura kwema pores. Kana zviri mukati mezvinhu izvi zviviri zvakawandisa, huwandu hwepakati nehukuru hwe pores muchigadzirwa hunowedzera zvakanyanya.
Mhedziso
Kunyangwe kabhoni inoshandiswa zvakanyanya, seyezvinhu zvinonyanya kushandiswa nekabhoni ine maburi matema, yakaita basa rakakosha muindasitiri nehupenyu, ichiri nekwaniso huru yekuvandudza kuwedzera kwezvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa, kuderedza mitengo, kuvandudza mhando, kuvandudza simba, kuwedzera hupenyu uye kuvandudza simba. Kuwana zvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa zvine mhando yepamusoro uye zvakachipa zvekabhoni inoshandiswa, kugadzira tekinoroji yekugadzira kabhoni inoshanda uye inoshanda, uye kugadzirisa nekugadzirisa chimiro chepore yekabhoni inoshandiswa zvichienderana neminda yakasiyana-siyana yekushandiswa ichave nzira yakakosha yekuvandudza mhando yezvigadzirwa zvekabhoni inoshandiswa uye kukurudzira kukura kwemhando yepamusoro kweindasitiri yekabhoni inoshandiswa.
Nguva yekutumira: Nyamavhuvhu-27-2024