Warshadaha ahaan, garaafitka dabiiciga ah waxaa loo kala saaraa garaafitka kristaliga ah iyo garaafitka cryptocrystalline iyadoo loo eegayo qaabka garaafitka. Garaafka kristaliga ah si fiican ayaa loo sameeyaa, dhexroorka saxanka kristaliga ahna waa >1 μm, kaas oo inta badan lagu soo saaro hal galaas ama kiristaal jajaban. Garaafka kristaliga ah waa mid ka mid ah 24 macdan oo istiraatiiji ah oo dalka ka jira. Sahaminta iyo horumarinta garaafitka waxaa lagu taxay Qorsheynta Kheyraadka Macdanta Qaranka (2016-2020) markii ugu horreysay. Muhiimadda garaafitka kristaliga ah waxaa hogaaminaya fikradaha sida gawaarida tamarta cusub iyo garaafitka. Kordhin weyn.
Sida laga soo xigtay Sahanka Juqraafiga ee Mareykanka (USGS), laga bilaabo dhammaadka 2017, kaydka garaafiga adduunka waa qiyaastii 270 milyan oo tan, oo inta badan ku baahsan Turkiga, Shiinaha iyo Brazil, kuwaas oo Shiinaha uu ku badan yahay garaafiga garaafiga ee crystalline-ka halka Turkiga uu yahay garaafiga garaafiga ee cryptocrystalline. Garaafiga garaafiga ee cryptocrystalline wuxuu leeyahay qiimo hooseeya iyo rajooyin horumarineed iyo isticmaal xaddidan, sidaa darteed garaafiga garaafiga ee crystalline wuxuu go'aamiyaa qaabka garaafiga adduunka.
Sida laga soo xigtay Akadeemiyada Sayniska Shiinaha, garaafitka kiristalline-ka ee Shiinaha ayaa ka badan 70% wadarta guud ee adduunka. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah, kheyraadka garaafitka kiristalline ee Gobolka Heilongjiang waxay ka dhigan karaan 60% Shiinaha iyo in ka badan 40% adduunka, taas oo door muhiim ah ka ciyaarta. Soo saarayaasha ugu waaweyn adduunka ee garaafitka kiristalline-ka waa Shiinaha, waxaana ku xiga Hindiya iyo Brazil.
Qaybinta kheyraadka
Asalka juqraafiyeed ee kaydka graphite ee kiristalline ee gobollada kala duwan ee Shiinaha
Astaamaha miisaanka ee kaydka graphite ee weyn ee Shiinaha iyo wax soo saarka miisaannada waaweyn (> 0.15mm)
Gobolka Heilongjiang
Gobolka Heilongjiang wuxuu leeyahay qayb ballaaran oo graphite ah, wali waa mid aad u fiican Hegang iyo Jixi. Gobolkeeda bari waa kaydka ugu weyn ee graphite-ka kristalinta ee dalka, iyadoo leh kaydad graphite oo aad u weyn oo caan ah sida Jixi Liumao, Luobei Yunshan iyo Muling Guangyi. Macdanta graphite-ka ayaa laga helay 7 ka mid ah 13-ka magaalo ee gobolka. Kaydka kheyraadka ee la qiyaasay waa ugu yaraan 400 milyan oo tan, kheyraadka suurtagalka ahna waa qiyaastii 1 bilyan oo tan. Mudanjiang iyo Shuangyashan waxay leeyihiin daahfurro waaweyn, laakiin tayada kheyraadka si buuxda ayaa loo tixgeliyaa. Graphite tayo sare leh ayaa wali waxaa xukuma Hegang iyo Jixi. Waxaa lagu qiyaasaa in keydka graphite-ka ee la soo celin karo ee gobolka uu gaari karo 1-150 milyan oo tan (qadarka macdanta).
Gobolka Ismaamulka ee Gudaha Mongolia
Kaydka garaafitka crystalline ee gudaha Mongolia ayaa ah kan labaad oo keliya marka loo eego Heilongjiang, oo inta badan ku baahsan Gudaha Mongolia, Xinghe, Alashan iyo Baotou.
Heerka kaarboonka ee go'an ee macdanta graphite ee aagga Xinghe guud ahaan waa inta u dhaxaysa 3% iyo 5%. Cabbirka cabbirka waa >0.3mm, taasoo u dhiganta qiyaastii 30%, cabbirka cabbirkana waa >0.15mm, kaasoo gaari kara in ka badan 55%. Aagga Alashan, marka la qaato kaydka garaafiga Chahanmuhulu tusaale ahaan, celceliska heerka kaarboonka go'an ee macdanta waa qiyaastii 5.45%, inta badan miisaanka garaafigana waa >0.15 mm. Macdanta garaafiga ee aagga Chaganwendu ee Damao Banner ee aagga Baotou waxay leedahay celcelis ahaan heerka kaarboonka go'an oo ah 5.61% iyo dhexroorka cabbirka ugu badan <0.15mm.
Gobolka Sichuan
Khayraadka garaafitka ee kiristalline-ka ee Gobolka Sichuan waxaa inta badan lagu qaybiyaa Degmooyinka Panzhihua, Bazhong iyo Aba. Celceliska heerka kaarboonka go'an ee macdanta garaafitka ee aagagga Panzhihua iyo Zhongba waa 6.21%. Macdantu waxay inta badan tahay miisaan yar, miisaanka miisaankuna kama badna 0.15mm. Heerka kaarboonka go'an ee macdanta garaafitka ee aagga Nanjiang ee Magaalada Bazhong waa 5% ilaa 7%, kan ugu sarreeya waa 13%, inta badan miisaanka garaafitkuna waa >0.15 mm. Heerka kaarboonka go'an ee macdanta garaafitka ee Gobolka Aba waa 5% ~ 10%, miisaanka garaafitka badankoodna waa <0.15mm.
Gobolka Shanxi
Gobolka Shanxi wuxuu helay 8 ilo oo ka mid ah kaydka kristalinta ee la aqoonsaday ee macdanta graphite ee kristalinta, kuwaas oo inta badan ku baahsan aagga Datong. Celceliska heerka kaarboonka go'an ee ku jira kaydka ayaa inta badan u dhexeeya 3% iyo 4%, inta badan miisaanka graphite-na waa >0.15 mm. Tijaabada dhaymada macdanta ayaa muujinaysa in wax soo saarka baaxadda leh ee u dhigma uu yahay qiyaastii 38%, sida macdanta graphite ee Tuulada Qili, Degmada Xinrong, Datong.
Gobolka Shandong
Kheyraadka garaafitka ee crystalline-ka ee Gobolka Shandong waxaa inta badan lagu qaybiyaa Laixi, Pingdu iyo Laiyang. Celceliska heerka kaarboonka go'an ee ku yaal villa koonfur-galbeed ee Lai waa qiyaastii 5.18%, dhexroorka inta badan xaashida garaafitkuna waa inta u dhaxaysa 0.1 iyo 0.4 mm. Celceliska heerka kaarboonka go'an ee macdanta garaafitka ee Liugezhuang ee Magaalada Pingdu waa qiyaastii 3.34%, dhexroorka cabbirkana inta badan waa <0.5mm. Pingdu Yanxin Graphite Mine waxay leedahay celcelis ahaan heerka kaarboonka go'an ee 3.5%, cabbirka miisaankuna waa >0.30mm, taasoo u dhiganta 8% ilaa 12%. Marka la soo koobo, celceliska heerka kaarboonka go'an ee macdanta garaafitka ee Shandong guud ahaan waa inta u dhaxaysa 3% iyo 5%, saamiga miisaanka >0.15 mm waa 40% ilaa 60%.
xaaladda habka
Kaydka garaafitka ee Shiinaha wuxuu leeyahay darajooyin warshadeed oo wanaagsan, kuwaas oo ku wanaagsan macdan qodista, heerka garaafitka ee kirismaalka ahna kama yaraan 3%. Tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay, wax soo saarka sanadlaha ah ee garaafitka ee Shiinaha wuxuu u dhexeeyaa 60,000 iyo 800,000 oo tan, kuwaas oo wax soo saarka garaafitka kirismaalka uu yahay qiyaastii 80%.
Waxaa jira in ka badan kun shirkadood oo farsameeya garaafitka gudaha Shiinaha, alaabtuna waa badeecooyin macdan ah sida garaafitka kaarboonka dhexdhexaadka ah iyo kan sare, garaafitka saafiga ah iyo garaafitka budada fiican, iyo sidoo kale garaafitka ballaaran iyo walxaha kaarboonka. Dabeecadda shirkaddu waxay inta badan ku saleysan tahay dowladda, kaas oo inta badan ku baahsan Shandong, Inner Mongolia, Hubei, Heilongjiang, Zhejiang iyo meelo kale. Shirkadda macdanta garaafitka ee dawladdu leedahay waxay leedahay aasaas adag iyo faa'iidooyin muhiim ah oo ku saabsan tignoolajiyada iyo kheyraadka.
Graphite waxaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa birta, birta, warshadaha macdanta, qalabka farsamada, warshadaha kiimikada iyo meelaha kale sababtoo ah sifooyinkeeda aadka u wanaagsan. Iyadoo la horumarinayo sayniska iyo tignoolajiyada, awoodda adeegsiga ee agabka cusub ee garaafitka ee warshadaha tiknoolajiyada sare sida tamarta cusub, warshadaha nukliyeerka, macluumaadka elektaroonigga ah, hawada sare iyo difaaca ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah loo sahaminayaa, waxaana loo arkaa inay tahay kheyraad istaraatiijiyadeed oo lagama maarmaan u ah horumarinta warshadaha soo koraya. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, alaabada garaafitka ee Shiinaha waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa agabka caabbinta, shubka, shaabadda, garaafitka gaarka ah iyo meelaha kale, kuwaas oo agabka caabbinta iyo shubka ugu badan loo isticmaalo.
Iyadoo la horumarinayo warshadaha tamarta cusub, baahida loo qabo garaafitka mustaqbalka way sii kordheysaa.
Saadaasha baahida garaafiga ee Shiinaha sanadka 2020
Waqtiga boostada: Noofambar-25-2019