Kwimizi-mveliso, i-graphite yendalo yahlulwe yaba yi-crystalline graphite kunye ne-cryptocrystalline graphite ngokwemo yekristale. I-crystalline graphite iqiniswa ngcono, kwaye ububanzi beplate yekristale yi>1 μm, eveliswa kakhulu yikristale enye okanye ikristale eqhekekileyo. I-crystalline graphite yenye yeeminerali ezingama-24 ezicwangcisiweyo kweli lizwe. Uphando kunye nophuhliso lwe-graphite ludweliswe kwiNational Mineral Resources Planning (2016-2020) okokuqala. Ukubaluleka kwe-crystalline graphite kukhokelwa ziingcamango ezifana nezithuthi zamandla amatsha kunye ne-graphene. Ukwanda okukhulu.
Ngokutsho kwe-US Geological Survey (USGS), ekupheleni kuka-2017, iindawo zokugcina igrafiti kwihlabathi zimalunga ne-270 yezigidi zeetoni, ezisasazwa kakhulu eTurkey, eTshayina naseBrazil, apho iTshayina ilawulwa yi-crystalline graphite kwaye iTurkey yi-cryptocrystalline graphite. I-cryptocrystalline graphite inexabiso eliphantsi kwaye amathuba ophuhliso nokusetyenziswa anqongophele, ngoko ke i-crystalline graphite imisela ipateni yegrafiti yehlabathi.
Ngokutsho kweChinese Academy of Sciences, i-crystalline graphite yaseTshayina ithatha ngaphezulu kwama-70% ewonke ehlabathi. Phakathi kwazo, izixhobo ze-crystalline graphite zePhondo laseHeilongjiang zinokuthatha ama-60% eTshayina nangaphezulu kwama-40% ehlabathi, nto leyo edlala indima ebalulekileyo. Abavelisi abakhulu be-crystalline graphite ehlabathini yiTshayina, ilandelwe yiIndiya neBrazil.
Ukusasazwa kwezixhobo
Imvelaphi yeJografi yeediphozithi zegrafiti zekristale kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zaseTshayina
Iimpawu zesikali seediphozithi ezinkulu zegrafiti ezikristale eTshayina kunye nokuveliswa kwezikali ezinkulu (>0.15mm)
IPhondo laseHeilongjiang
Iphondo laseHeilongjiang linosasazeko olubanzi lwegrafiti, kwaye lisabalasele eHegang naseJixi. Ummandla walo osempuma yeyona ndawo inkulu yokugcina igrafiti yekristale kweli lizwe, eneendawo ezidumileyo ezinkulu nezinkulu kakhulu zegrafiti ezifana neJixi Liumao, iLuobei Yunshan kunye neMuling Guangyi. Imigodi yegrafiti ifunyenwe kwizixeko ezi-7 kwezili-13 kweli phondo. Ugcino oluqikelelweyo lwezixhobo ubuncinane ziitoni ezingama-400 ezigidi, kwaye izixhobo ezinokubakho zimalunga ne-1 yeebhiliyoni zeetoni. IMudanjiang kunye neShuangyashan zifumene izinto ezinkulu, kodwa umgangatho wezixhobo uqwalaselwa ngokupheleleyo. Igrafiti esemgangathweni ophezulu isalawulwa yiHegang kunye neJixi. Kuqikelelwa ukuba iindawo ezifumanekayo zegrafiti kweli phondo zinokufikelela kwi-1-150 yezigidi zeetoni (isixa seeminerali).
Ummandla Ozimeleyo waseMongolia wangaphakathi
Ii-reserves ze-crystalline graphite kwi-Inner Mongolia zilandela i-Heilongjiang, zisasazeke kakhulu kwi-Inner Mongolia, e-Xinghe, e-Alashan nase-Baotou.
Udidi lwekhabhoni oluzinzileyo lwe-graphite ore kwindawo yaseXinghe ngokubanzi luphakathi kwe-3% kunye ne-5%. Udidi lwekhabhoni luyi->0.3mm, lubalelwa malunga ne-30%, kwaye udidi lwekhabhoni luyi->0.15mm, olunokufikelela ngaphezulu kwe-55%. Kwindawo yase-Alashan, xa sijonga idiphozithi yegrafiti yaseChahanmuhulu njengomzekelo, udidi oluqhelekileyo lwe-ore fixed carbon lumalunga ne-5.45%, kwaye uninzi lwezikali zegrafiti ziyi->0.15 mm. Umgodi wegrafiti kwindawo yaseChaganwendu eDamao Banner kwindawo yaseBaotou unodidi lwekhabhoni oluzinzileyo oluyi-5.61% kunye nobubanzi besikali obuyi-<0.15mm.
Iphondo laseSichuan
Izixhobo zegrafiti ezicwebezelayo kwiPhondo laseSichuan zisasazwa kakhulu kwiPanzhihua, Bazhong naseAba Prefectures. Umgangatho ophakathi wekhabhoni ezinzileyo kwigrafiti ore kwiindawo zasePanzhihua naseZhongba yi-6.21%. I-ore ikakhulu zizikali ezincinci, kwaye isikali sesikali asingaphezulu kwe-0.15mm. Umgangatho wekhabhoni ezinzileyo kwigrafiti ore ekristale kwindawo yaseNanjiang kwiSixeko saseBazhong yi-5% ukuya kwi-7%, eyona iphakamileyo yi-13%, kwaye uninzi lwezikali zegrafiti zingaphezulu kwe-0.15 mm. Umgangatho wekhabhoni ezinzileyo kwigrafiti ore kwiSithili saseAba yi-5% ~ 10%, kwaye uninzi lwezikali zegrafiti zingaphantsi kwe-0.15mm.
IPhondo laseShanxi
Iphondo laseShanxi lifumene imithombo esi-8 yemithombo yekristale echongiweyo yeeminerali zegrafiti zekristale, ezisasazwa kakhulu kwindawo yaseDatong. Umgangatho ophakathi wekhabhoni ezinzileyo kwindawo yokugcina uphakathi kwe-3% kunye ne-4%, kwaye uninzi lwezikali zegrafiti zingaphezulu kwe-0.15 mm. Uvavanyo lwe-ore dressing lubonisa ukuba isivuno esikhulu esihambelanayo simalunga ne-38%, njengomgodi wegrafiti kwiQili Village, kwiSithili saseXinrong, eDatong.
Iphondo laseShandong
Izixhobo zegrafiti ezikristale kwiPhondo laseShandong zisasazwa kakhulu eLaixi, ePingdu naseLaiyang. Umgangatho ophakathi wekhabhoni ezinzileyo kwivilla esemazantsi-ntshona eLai umalunga ne-5.18%, kwaye ububanzi bamaphepha amaninzi egrafiti buphakathi kwe-0.1 kunye ne-0.4 mm. Umgangatho ophakathi wekhabhoni ezinzileyo kwimigodi yegrafiti yaseLiugezhuang kwiSixeko sasePingdu umalunga ne-3.34%, kwaye ububanzi besikali bungaphezulu kwe-0.5mm. Umgodi wegrafiti wasePingdu Yanxin unomgangatho ophakathi wekhabhoni ezinzileyo ye-3.5%, kwaye ubukhulu besikali bungaphezulu kwe-0.30mm, buyi-8% ukuya kwi-12%. Ngamafutshane, umgangatho ophakathi wekhabhoni ezinzileyo kwimigodi yegrafiti eShandong ngokubanzi uphakathi kwe-3% kunye ne-5%, kwaye umlinganiselo wezikali >0.15 mm ngu-40% ukuya kwi-60%.
imeko yenkqubo
Iidiphozithi zegrafiti zaseTshayina zinamanqanaba amahle emizi-mveliso, alungele ukumbiwa kwemigodi, kwaye umgangatho wegrafiti yekristale awukho ngaphantsi kwe-3%. Kwiminyaka eli-10 edlulileyo, imveliso yonyaka yegrafiti yaseTshayina iphakathi kweetoni ezingama-60,000 kunye nama-800,000, apho imveliso yegrafiti yekristale imalunga nama-80%.
Kukho amashishini angaphezu kwewaka okucubungula i-graphite eTshayina, kwaye iimveliso ziimveliso zezimbiwa ze-graphite ezifana ne-graphite ephakathi nephezulu yekhabhoni, i-graphite ecocekileyo kakhulu kunye ne-graphite yomgubo ocolekileyo, kunye nezixhobo ze-graphite ezandisiweyo kunye nekhabhoni. Uhlobo lweshishini lulawulwa kakhulu ngurhulumente, olusasazwa kakhulu eShandong, Inner Mongolia, Hubei, Heilongjiang, Zhejiang nakwezinye iindawo. Ishishini lemigodi ye-graphite eliphantsi kukarhulumente linesiseko esiqinileyo kunye neenzuzo ezibalulekileyo kubuchwepheshe kunye nezixhobo.
I-Graphite isetyenziswa kakhulu kwintsimbi, kwi-metallurgy, kwi-foundry, kwizixhobo zoomatshini, kwishishini leekhemikhali nakwezinye iindawo ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezintle. Ngokuhambela phambili kwesayensi netekhnoloji, amandla okusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezintsha ze-graphite kwimizi-mveliso yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu efana namandla amatsha, imboni yenyukliya, ulwazi lwe-elektroniki, i-aerospace kunye nokhuselo ahlolwa kancinci kancinci, kwaye ithathwa njengesixhobo esibalulekileyo ekuphuhlisweni kwamashishini asakhasayo. Okwangoku, iimveliso ze-graphite zaseTshayina zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwizixhobo ezichasene ne-refractory, kwi-castings, kwi-seals, kwi-graphite ekhethekileyo nakwezinye iindawo, phakathi kwazo kusetyenziswa kakhulu izixhobo ezichasene ne-castings.
Ngenxa yophuhliso oluqhubekayo lweshishini elitsha lamandla, imfuno yegrafiti kwixesha elizayo iya kuqhubeka isanda.
Uqikelelo lwemfuno yegrafiti eTshayina ngo-2020
Ixesha lokuthumela: Novemba-25-2019