Tare da ci gaba da ci gaban duniya ta yau, makamashin da ba za a iya sabuntawa yana ƙara ƙarewa ba, kuma al'ummar bil'adama na ƙara gaggawa don amfani da makamashi mai sabuntawa wanda "iska, haske, ruwa da makaman nukiliya" ke wakilta. Idan aka kwatanta da sauran hanyoyin samar da makamashi mai sabuntawa, ɗan adam yana da fasaha mafi girma, aminci kuma abin dogaro don amfani da makamashin hasken rana. Daga cikin su, masana'antar tantanin halitta ta photovoltaic tare da silicon mai tsabta kamar yadda substrate ya haɓaka da sauri. A karshen 2023, kasata ta tara hasken rana photovoltaic shigar iya aiki ya wuce 250 gigawatts, da kuma photovoltaic ikon samar ya kai 266.3 kWh biliyan, wani karuwa na game da 30% a shekara-shekara, da kuma sabon kara ikon samar da wutar lantarki ne 78.42 miliyan kilowatts, karuwa na shekara-154%. Ya zuwa karshen watan Yuni, yawan karfin da aka girka na samar da wutar lantarki ya kai kilowatts miliyan 470, wanda ya zarce karfin ruwa ya zama tushen wutar lantarki na biyu mafi girma a kasata.
Yayin da masana'antar hoto ke haɓaka cikin sauri, sabbin masana'antar kayan aikin da ke tallafawa ita ma tana haɓaka cikin sauri. Ma'adini sassa kamarma'adini crucibles, Kwale-kwale na quartz, da kwalabe na quartz suna cikin su, suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tsarin samar da hoto. Misali, ana amfani da crucibles quartz don riƙe narkakkar siliki a cikin samar da sandunan siliki da silikon ingots; Kwale-kwale na ma'adini, tubes, kwalabe, tankuna masu tsaftacewa, da dai sauransu suna taka rawar gani a cikin watsawa, tsaftacewa da sauran hanyoyin haɗin kai a cikin samar da kwayoyin hasken rana, da dai sauransu, tabbatar da tsabta da ingancin kayan silicon.
Babban aikace-aikacen abubuwan quartz don masana'anta na hotovoltaic
A cikin tsarin masana'antu na ƙwayoyin photovoltaic na hasken rana, ana sanya wafers na siliki a kan jirgin ruwan wafer, kuma an sanya jirgin a kan tallafin jirgin ruwa na wafer don watsawa, LPCVD da sauran matakai na thermal, yayin da siliki carbide cantilever paddle shine maɓalli na kayan aiki don motsi goyon bayan jirgin ruwa dauke da siliki wafers zuwa ciki da kuma daga cikin tanderun dumama. Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin hoton da ke ƙasa, filafin siliki na carbide cantilever na iya tabbatar da daidaituwar wafer siliki da bututun tanderun, ta haka ya sa yaɗawa da wuce gona da iri. A lokaci guda kuma, ba shi da gurɓatacce kuma ba shi da lahani a yanayin zafi mai zafi, yana da kyakkyawan juriya na zafi mai zafi da babban nauyin kaya, kuma an yi amfani da shi sosai a fagen sel na photovoltaic.
Zane-zane na maɓalli na abubuwan ɗorawa baturi
A cikin laushin saukowa tsarin yadawa, jirgin ruwan ma'adini na gargajiya dajirgin ruwatallafin yana buƙatar saka wafern silicon tare da tallafin jirgin ruwa na quartz a cikin bututun ma'adini a cikin tanderun watsawa. A cikin kowane tsari na watsawa, tallafin kwale-kwalen ma'adini da ke cike da wafern siliki ana sanya shi a kan kwalmar silikon carbide. Bayan da siliki carbide filafili ya shiga cikin bututun ma'adini, filafilin ta atomatik yana nutsewa don ajiye tallafin jirgin ruwa na quartz da wafer silicon, sannan a hankali ya koma asalinsa. Bayan kowane tsari, tallafin jirgin ruwa na quartz yana buƙatar cirewa daga cikinsiliki carbide paddle. Irin wannan aiki akai-akai zai sa tallafin jirgin ruwa na quartz ya gaji na dogon lokaci. Da zarar kwale-kwalen goyan bayan kwale-kwalen ya fashe kuma ya karye, duk tallafin jirgin ruwa na quartz zai faɗo daga madaidaicin siliki na siliki, sannan kuma ya lalata sassan ma'adini, wafers na siliki da silikon carbide paddles da ke ƙasa. Jirgin siliki na carbide yana da tsada kuma ba za a iya gyara shi ba. Da zarar hatsari ya faru, zai haifar da asarar dukiya mai yawa.
A cikin tsarin LPCVD, ba wai kawai matsalolin matsalolin zafi da aka ambata a sama za su faru ba, amma tun da tsarin LPCVD yana buƙatar silane gas ya wuce ta hanyar siliki na siliki, tsarin na dogon lokaci zai samar da suturar silicon a kan tallafin jirgin ruwa na wafer da jirgin ruwa. Saboda rashin daidaituwa na haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar thermal na silicon da ma'adini mai rufi, tallafin jirgin ruwa da jirgin ruwa za su fashe, kuma za a rage tsawon rayuwar da gaske. Tsawon rayuwar kwale-kwalen quartz na yau da kullun da tallafin jirgin ruwa a cikin tsarin LPCVD yawanci shine watanni 2 zuwa 3 kawai. Sabili da haka, yana da mahimmanci don inganta kayan tallafi na jirgin ruwa don ƙara ƙarfi da rayuwar sabis na tallafin jirgin don guje wa irin wannan haɗari.
A takaice dai, yayin da lokacin tsari da adadin lokuta ke ƙaruwa yayin samar da ƙwayoyin hasken rana, kwale-kwalen quartz da sauran abubuwan haɗin gwiwa suna fuskantar ɓoyayyun fasa ko ma karya. Rayuwar kwale-kwale na quartz da bututun ma'adini a cikin layukan da ake samarwa na yau da kullun a China kusan watanni 3-6 ne, kuma suna buƙatar a rufe su akai-akai don tsaftacewa, kulawa, da maye gurbin masu jigilar quartz. Haka kuma, yashin ma'adini mai tsafta da ake amfani da shi a matsayin danyen kayan da ake amfani da shi wajen hada abubuwa na quartz a halin yanzu yana cikin wani yanayi na wadata da bukatu, kuma farashin ya dade yana gudana a matsayi mai girma, wanda a fili yake ba shi da amfani wajen inganta samar da inganci da fa'idar tattalin arziki.
Silicon carbide yumbura"nunawa"
Yanzu, mutane sun fito da wani abu tare da mafi kyawun aiki don maye gurbin wasu abubuwan quartz-siliki na carbide yumbura.
Silicon carbide tukwane da kyau inji ƙarfi, thermal kwanciyar hankali, high zafin jiki juriya, hadawan abu da iskar shaka juriya, thermal girgiza juriya da sinadarai juriya, kuma ana amfani da ko'ina a cikin zafi filayen kamar karfe, inji, sabon makamashi, da gini kayan da sunadarai. Ayyukansa kuma sun wadatar don yaduwar ƙwayoyin TOPcon a cikin masana'anta na hoto, LPCVD (ƙananan ƙwayar tururi na sinadarai), PECVD (jigon ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ta plasma) da sauran hanyoyin haɗin ginin thermal.
Tallafin jirgin ruwa na LPCVD silicon carbide da tallafin jirgin ruwan siliki mai faɗaɗa boron
Idan aka kwatanta da kayan ma'adini na al'ada, tallafin jirgin ruwa, jiragen ruwa, da samfuran bututu da aka yi da kayan yumbu na silicon carbide suna da ƙarfi mafi girma, mafi kyawun kwanciyar hankali na thermal, babu nakasu a yanayin zafi mai girma, da tsawon rayuwa fiye da sau 5 na kayan ma'adini, wanda zai iya rage farashin amfani da asarar makamashi ta hanyar kiyayewa da raguwar lokaci. Amfanin farashi a bayyane yake, kuma tushen albarkatun ƙasa yana da faɗi.
Daga cikin su, reaction sintered silicon carbide (RBSiC) yana da ƙarancin zafin jiki, ƙarancin samarwa, haɓakar kayan abu mai girma, kuma kusan babu ƙarar ƙarar yayin amsawar amsawa. Ya dace musamman don shirye-shiryen sassa masu girma da kuma hadaddun sassa na tsari. Sabili da haka, ya fi dacewa don samar da samfurori masu girma da kuma hadaddun irin su goyan bayan jirgin ruwa, jiragen ruwa, paddles cantilever, tubes tanderu, da dai sauransu.
Silicon carbide wafer jiragen ruwaHaka kuma suna da kyakkyawan fatan ci gaba a nan gaba. Ba tare da la'akari da tsarin LPCVD ko tsarin fadada boron ba, rayuwar kwale-kwalen ma'adini yana da ɗan ƙaramin ƙarfi, kuma ƙimar haɓakar zafin jiki na kayan ma'adini bai dace da na silicon carbide abu ba. Sabili da haka, yana da sauƙi don samun sabani a cikin tsarin daidaitawa tare da mariƙin jirgin ruwa na silicon carbide a babban zafin jiki, wanda ke haifar da yanayin girgiza jirgin ko ma karya jirgin. Jirgin ruwan siliki carbide yana ɗaukar hanyar aiwatar da gyare-gyaren yanki ɗaya da sarrafa gabaɗaya. Siffar sa da buƙatun jurewar matsayi suna da girma, kuma yana aiki mafi kyau tare da mariƙin jirgin ruwa na siliki. Bugu da kari, siliki carbide yana da karfin gaske, kuma kwale-kwalen ba shi da yuwuwar karyewa saboda karon dan Adam fiye da kwalekwalen kwarton.
Silicon carbide wafer jirgin ruwa
Bututun tanderun shine babban kayan canja wurin zafi na tanderun, wanda ke taka rawa wajen rufewa da canja wurin zafi iri ɗaya. Idan aka kwatanta da bututun murhu na ma'adini, bututun murhun wuta na silicon carbide suna da kyakkyawan yanayin zafi, dumama iri ɗaya, da kwanciyar hankali mai kyau, kuma rayuwarsu ta fi sau 5 fiye da na bututun quartz.
Takaitawa
Gabaɗaya, ko dangane da aikin samfur ko farashin amfani, kayan yumbu na silicon carbide suna da fa'idodi fiye da kayan quartz a wasu fannoni na filin tantanin rana. Aikace-aikacen kayan yumbura na silicon carbide a cikin masana'antar photovoltaic ya taimaka sosai ga kamfanonin hoto don rage farashin saka hannun jari na kayan taimako da haɓaka ingancin samfur da gasa. A nan gaba, tare da babban sikelin aikace-aikace na manyan-size silicon carbide makera shambura, high-tsarki silicon carbide kwale-kwale da jirgin ruwa goyon bayan da ci gaba da rage farashin, aikace-aikace na silicon carbide yumbu kayan a fagen photovoltaic Kwayoyin zai zama wani key factor a inganta yadda ya dace da haske makamashi hira da rage masana'antu halin kaka a fagen photovoltaic ikon samar da wani muhimmin tasiri a kan samar da makamashi samar da makamashi.
Lokacin aikawa: Nuwamba-05-2024