Tare da ci gaba da ci gaban duniyar yau, makamashin da ba za a iya sabuntawa ba yana ƙara gajiya, kuma al'ummar ɗan adam tana ƙara zama cikin gaggawa don amfani da makamashin da ake sabuntawa wanda "iska, haske, ruwa da makaman nukiliya" ke wakilta. Idan aka kwatanta da sauran hanyoyin samar da makamashin da ake sabuntawa, 'yan adam suna da fasaha mafi girma, aminci da inganci don amfani da makamashin rana. Daga cikinsu, masana'antar ƙwayoyin photovoltaic tare da silicon mai tsarki kamar yadda substrate ya haɓaka cikin sauri. Zuwa ƙarshen 2023, ƙarfin da aka shigar da hasken rana na ƙasara ya wuce gigawatts 250, kuma ƙarfin samar da wutar lantarki na photovoltaic ya kai kWh biliyan 266.3, ƙaruwar kusan kashi 30% a shekara, kuma sabon ƙarfin samar da wutar lantarki da aka ƙara shine kilowatts miliyan 78.42, ƙaruwar kashi 154% a shekara. Ya zuwa ƙarshen watan Yuni, ƙarfin samar da wutar lantarki na photovoltaic ya kai kusan kilowatts miliyan 470, wanda ya zarce ƙarfin ruwa don zama tushen wutar lantarki na biyu mafi girma a ƙasata.
Duk da cewa masana'antar samar da wutar lantarki tana ci gaba cikin sauri, sabbin masana'antar kayan aiki da ke tallafawa ita ma tana ci gaba cikin sauri. Abubuwan da ke cikin Quartz kamar sukwalta masu amfani da quartz, kwale-kwalen quartz, da kwale-kwalen quartz suna daga cikin su, suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tsarin kera na'urar daukar hoto. Misali, ana amfani da kwale-kwalen quartz don riƙe silicon mai narkewa a cikin samar da sandunan silicon da ingots na silicon; kwale-kwalen quartz, bututu, kwalaben, tankunan tsaftacewa, da sauransu suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin yaɗuwa, tsaftacewa da sauran hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa a cikin samar da ƙwayoyin hasken rana, da sauransu, suna tabbatar da tsarki da ingancin kayan silicon.
Babban aikace-aikacen kayan aikin quartz don kera photovoltaic
A tsarin kera ƙwayoyin hasken rana na hasken rana, ana sanya wafers na silicon a kan jirgin ruwa mai wafer, kuma ana sanya jirgin a kan tallafin jirgin ruwa mai wafer don yaɗuwa, LPCVD da sauran hanyoyin zafi, yayin da wafers na silicon carbide shine babban abin ɗaukar kaya don motsa tallafin jirgin ruwa da ke ɗauke da wafers na silicon zuwa da kuma fita daga tanderun dumama. Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin hoton da ke ƙasa, wafers na silicon carbide na iya tabbatar da daidaiton wafer ɗin silicon da bututun tanderu, ta haka ne ya sa yaɗuwa da passivation su zama iri ɗaya. A lokaci guda, ba shi da gurɓatawa kuma ba ya lalacewa a yanayin zafi mai yawa, yana da kyakkyawan juriya ga girgizar zafi da kuma babban ƙarfin kaya, kuma an yi amfani da shi sosai a fannin ƙwayoyin photovoltaic.
Tsarin zane na manyan abubuwan da ke ɗaukar batirin
A cikin tsarin yaduwar saukowa mai laushi, jirgin ruwan quartz na gargajiya dajirgin ruwan waferAna buƙatar tallafi don haɗa wafer ɗin silicon tare da tallafin jirgin ruwan quartz a cikin bututun quartz a cikin tanderun watsawa. A kowane tsarin watsawa, ana sanya tallafin jirgin ruwan quartz da aka cika da wafer ɗin silicon a kan wafer ɗin silicon carbide. Bayan wafer ɗin silicon carbide ya shiga bututun quartz, wafer ɗin zai nutse ta atomatik don sanya tallafin jirgin ruwan quartz da wafer ɗin silicon, sannan a hankali ya koma asalin. Bayan kowane tsari, ana buƙatar cire tallafin jirgin ruwan quartz dagafaifan silicon carbideIrin wannan aiki akai-akai zai sa tallafin jirgin ruwan quartz ya lalace na dogon lokaci. Da zarar jirgin ruwan quartz ya karye ya karye, dukkan tallafin jirgin ruwan quartz zai fado daga kan faifan silicon carbide, sannan ya lalata sassan quartz, wafers na silicon da faifan silicon carbide da ke ƙasa. Faifan silicon carbide yana da tsada kuma ba za a iya gyara shi ba. Da zarar hatsari ya faru, zai haifar da asarar dukiya mai yawa.
A cikin tsarin LPCVD, ba wai kawai matsalolin damuwa na zafi da aka ambata a sama za su faru ba, har ma tunda tsarin LPCVD yana buƙatar iskar silane ta ratsa wafer ɗin silicon, tsarin na dogon lokaci zai kuma samar da rufin silicon a kan tallafin jirgin ruwan wafer da jirgin ruwan wafer. Saboda rashin daidaiton ma'aunin faɗaɗa zafi na silicon da quartz mai rufi, tallafin jirgin ruwan da jirgin ruwan za su fashe, kuma tsawon rayuwar jirgin ruwan za ta ragu sosai. Tsawon rayuwar jiragen ruwan quartz na yau da kullun da tallafin jirgin ruwa a cikin tsarin LPCVD yawanci yana tsakanin watanni 2 zuwa 3 ne kawai. Saboda haka, yana da mahimmanci musamman a inganta kayan tallafin jirgin ruwa don ƙara ƙarfi da tsawon rayuwar tallafin jirgin ruwa don guje wa irin waɗannan haɗurra.
A takaice, yayin da lokacin aiki da adadin lokutan da ake ɗauka yana ƙaruwa yayin samar da ƙwayoyin hasken rana, jiragen ruwan quartz da sauran sassan suna iya fuskantar fashewar abubuwa ko ma karyewa. Rayuwar jiragen ruwan quartz da bututun quartz a cikin manyan layukan samar da kayayyaki a China yana tsakanin watanni 3-6, kuma suna buƙatar a rufe su akai-akai don tsaftacewa, kulawa, da maye gurbin masu ɗaukar kayan quartz. Bugu da ƙari, yashi mai tsarki na quartz da ake amfani da shi a matsayin kayan albarkatun quartz a halin yanzu yana cikin yanayi mai ƙarancin wadata da buƙata, kuma farashin ya daɗe yana aiki a babban mataki, wanda a bayyane yake ba ya da amfani ga inganta ingancin samarwa da fa'idodin tattalin arziki.
Tukwanen silicon carbide"nuna"
Yanzu, mutane sun fito da wani abu mai inganci don maye gurbin wasu abubuwan da aka haɗa da quartz - yumburan silicon carbide.
Tukwanen silicon carbide suna da ƙarfin injiniya mai kyau, kwanciyar hankali na zafi, juriya ga zafin jiki mai yawa, juriya ga iskar shaka, juriya ga girgizar zafi da juriya ga lalata sinadarai, kuma ana amfani da su sosai a fannoni masu zafi kamar ƙarfe, injina, sabbin makamashi, da kayan gini da sinadarai. Aikinsa ya isa ya bazu ƙwayoyin TOPcon a cikin masana'antar photovoltaic, LPCVD (ƙarancin matsin lamba na sinadarai), PECVD (tattarar tururin sinadarai na plasma) da sauran hanyoyin haɗin thermal.
Tallafin jirgin ruwa na LPCVD silicon carbide da tallafin jirgin ruwa na silicon carbide da aka faɗaɗa da boron
Idan aka kwatanta da kayan quartz na gargajiya, kayan tallafi na jiragen ruwa, jiragen ruwa, da kayayyakin bututu da aka yi da kayan yumbu na silicon carbide suna da ƙarfi mafi girma, kwanciyar hankali na zafi mafi kyau, babu nakasa a yanayin zafi mai yawa, kuma tsawon rai ya fi na kayan quartz sau 5, wanda zai iya rage farashin amfani da asarar makamashi da ke faruwa sakamakon kulawa da lokacin aiki. Fa'idar farashi a bayyane take, kuma tushen kayan yana da faɗi.
Daga cikinsu, sinadarin silicon carbide mai rage zafi (RBSiC) yana da ƙarancin zafin sintering, ƙarancin farashin samarwa, yawan kayan da ke cikinsa, kuma kusan babu raguwar girma yayin sintering. Ya dace musamman don shirya manyan sassa na tsari masu siffa mai rikitarwa. Saboda haka, ya fi dacewa don samar da manyan kayayyaki masu girma da rikitarwa kamar tallafin jiragen ruwa, jiragen ruwa, faifan cantilever, bututun tanderu, da sauransu.
Jiragen ruwa na silicon carbidekuma suna da kyakkyawan fata na ci gaba a nan gaba. Ko da kuwa tsarin LPCVD ne ko tsarin faɗaɗa boron, rayuwar jirgin ruwan quartz ba ta da yawa, kuma ƙimar faɗaɗa zafi na kayan quartz bai yi daidai da na kayan silicon carbide ba. Saboda haka, yana da sauƙi a sami karkacewa a cikin tsarin daidaitawa da mai riƙe jirgin ruwan silicon carbide a babban zafin jiki, wanda ke haifar da yanayin girgiza jirgin ko ma karya jirgin. Jirgin ruwan silicon carbide yana ɗaukar hanyar aiwatar da ƙira mai sassauƙa da sarrafawa gabaɗaya. Siffarsa da buƙatun juriyarsa suna da yawa, kuma yana aiki tare da mai riƙe jirgin ruwan silicon carbide. Bugu da ƙari, silicon carbide yana da ƙarfi sosai, kuma jirgin ruwan ba shi da yuwuwar karyewa saboda karo na ɗan adam fiye da jirgin quartz.
Jirgin ruwan wafer na silicon carbide
Bututun tanderu shine babban abin da ke canja wurin zafi a cikin tanderu, wanda ke taka rawa wajen rufewa da canja wurin zafi iri ɗaya. Idan aka kwatanta da bututun tanderu na quartz, bututun tanderu na silicon carbide suna da kyakkyawan yanayin zafi, dumama iri ɗaya, da kwanciyar hankali mai kyau na zafi, kuma rayuwarsu ta fi sau 5 fiye da bututun quartz.
Takaitaccen Bayani
Gabaɗaya, ko dai dangane da aikin samfur ko farashin amfani, kayan yumbu na silicon carbide suna da fa'idodi fiye da kayan quartz a wasu fannoni na filin hasken rana. Amfani da kayan yumbu na silicon carbide a masana'antar photovoltaic ya taimaka wa kamfanonin photovoltaic sosai rage farashin saka hannun jari na kayan taimako da inganta ingancin samfura da gasa. A nan gaba, tare da babban amfani da manyan bututun tanderu na silicon carbide, jiragen ruwa masu tsafta na silicon carbide da tallafin jiragen ruwa da kuma ci gaba da rage farashi, amfani da kayan yumbu na silicon carbide a fannin ƙwayoyin photovoltaic zai zama babban abin da ke inganta ingancin canza makamashin haske da rage farashin masana'antu a fannin samar da wutar lantarki ta photovoltaic, kuma zai yi tasiri mai mahimmanci kan ci gaban sabon makamashi na photovoltaic.
Lokacin Saƙo: Nuwamba-05-2024