Nā mea kahua wela nui: nā mea hui C/C

Nā hui kalapona-kalaponahe ʻano hui pū ʻia o ke kalapona fiber, me ke kalapona fiber ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻoikaika a me ke kalapona i waiho ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea matrix. ʻO ka matrix oʻO ke kalapona nā hui pū ʻia C/C. ʻOiai ua aneane piha ia i ke kalapona elemental, he kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe maikaʻi loa ia a hoʻoilina i nā waiwai mechanical ikaika o ke kaula kalapona. Ua hoʻomohala ʻia ma ke kahua pale ma mua.

Nā wahi noi:

Nā mea i hui pū ʻia C/Caia ma waenakonu o ke kaulahao ʻoihana, a ʻo ka ʻaoʻao uka e hoʻokomo pū i ka fiber carbon a me ka hana preform, a he ākea ka nui o nā kahua noi ma lalo.Nā mea i hui pū ʻia C/Choʻohana nui ʻia e like me nā mea pale wela, nā mea friction, a me nā mea hana mechanical kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻohana ʻia lākou i ka aerospace (nā uhi ʻāʻī nozzle rocket, nā mea pale wela a me nā ʻāpana kūkulu wela mīkini), nā mea paleki (kaʻaahi wikiwiki, nā disc paleki mokulele), nā kahua wela photovoltaic (nā pahu insulation, nā ipu hoʻoheheʻe, nā paipu alakaʻi a me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe), nā kino olaola (nā iwi hana) a me nā kahua ʻē aʻe. I kēia manawa, kūlokoNā mea i hui pū ʻia C/Cke kālele nui nei nā ʻoihana ma ka loulou hoʻokahi o nā mea i hui pū ʻia a hoʻonui i ke kuhikuhi preform i luna.

Loaʻa i nā mea hui C/C ka hana piha maikaʻi loa, me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ka ikaika kikoʻī kiʻekiʻe, ka modulus kikoʻī kiʻekiʻe, ka conductivity thermal kiʻekiʻe, ka coefficient hoʻonui thermal haʻahaʻa, ka paʻakikī haki maikaʻi, ke kū'ē ʻana i ka ʻaʻahu, ke kū'ē ʻana i ka ablation, a pēlā aku. Ma ke ʻano kūikawā, ʻaʻole e emi ka ikaika o nā mea hui C/C akā hiki ke hoʻonui me ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana. He mea pale wela maikaʻi loa ia, a no laila ua hoʻomohala mua ʻia i loko o nā liners puʻu rocket.

Loaʻa i ka mea hui C/C nā waiwai mechanical maikaʻi loa a me nā waiwai hana o ke kalapona fiber, a loaʻa iā ia ke kūpaʻa wela a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka palaho o ka graphite, a ua lilo ia i mea hoʻokūkū ikaika o nā huahana graphite. ʻOi loa aku ma ke kahua noi me nā koi ikaika kiʻekiʻe - kahua thermal photovoltaic, ke lilo nei ka pono o ke kumukūʻai a me ka palekana o nā mea hui C/C i mea koʻikoʻi ma lalo o nā wafers silicon nui, a ua lilo ia i koi paʻa. Ma ke ʻano ʻē, ua lilo ka graphite i mea hoʻohui i nā mea hui C/C ma muli o ka palena o ka hiki ke hana ma ka ʻaoʻao lako.

Ka noi ʻana o ke kahua wela photovoltaic:

ʻO ke kahua wela ka ʻōnaehana holoʻokoʻa no ka mālama ʻana i ka ulu ʻana o ka silicon monocrystalline a i ʻole ka hana ʻana o nā ingots silicon polycrystalline ma kahi mahana. He kuleana koʻikoʻi ia i ka maʻemaʻe, ka like ʻana a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka silicon monocrystalline a me ka silicon polycrystalline, a no ka ʻaoʻao mua o ka ʻoihana hana silicon crystalline. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kahua wela i loko o ka ʻōnaehana kahua wela o ka umu huki kristal hoʻokahi silicon monocrystalline a me ka ʻōnaehana kahua wela o ka umu ingot polycrystalline e like me ke ʻano huahana. ʻOiai ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā cell silicon monocrystalline ma mua o nā cell silicon polycrystalline, ke hoʻomau nei ka piʻi ʻana o ka mākeke o nā wafers silicon monocrystalline, ʻoiai ke emi nei ka mākeke o nā wafers silicon polycrystalline ma koʻu ʻāina i kēlā me kēia makahiki, mai 32.5% i ka makahiki 2019 a i 9.3% i ka makahiki 2020. No laila, hoʻohana nui nā mea hana kahua wela i ke ala ʻenehana kahua wela o nā umu huki kristal hoʻokahi.

Kiʻi 2: Kahua wela ma ke kaulahao ʻoihana hana silicon crystalline

Ua haku ʻia ke kahua wela me nā ʻāpana he ʻumikūmālua a ʻoi aku, a ʻo nā ʻāpana koʻikoʻi ʻehā, ʻo ia ka ipu hao, ka paipu alakaʻi, ka silika insulation, a me ka mea hoʻomehana. Loaʻa i nā ʻāpana like ʻole nā ​​​​koi no nā waiwai mea. ʻO ke kiʻi ma lalo nei he kiʻikuhi schematic o ke kahua wela o ka silicon kristal hoʻokahi. ʻO ka ipu hao, ka paipu alakaʻi, a me ka silika insulation nā ʻāpana kūkulu o ka ʻōnaehana kahua wela. ʻO kā lākou hana nui ke kākoʻo i ke kahua wela wela holoʻokoʻa, a he mau koi kiʻekiʻe ko lākou no ka density, ka ikaika, a me ka conductivity thermal. ʻO ka mea hoʻomehana kahi mea hoʻomehana pololei i ke kahua wela. ʻO kāna hana ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka ikehu wela. He resistive maʻamau ia, no laila he kiʻekiʻe aʻe nā koi no ka resistivity mea.