Izixhobo zentsimi yobushushu eziphambili: Izinto ezidityanisiweyo ze-C/C

Ii-composites ze-carbon-carbonluhlobo lwee-carbon fiber composites, apho i-carbon fiber iyinto yokuqinisa kunye ne-carbon egciniweyo njengezinto ze-matrix.Ii-composites ze-C/C yikhabhoniEkubeni phantse yenziwe ngokupheleleyo ngekhabhoni ye-elemental, inokumelana okuhle kakhulu nobushushu obuphezulu kwaye izuza iipropati ezinamandla zoomatshini zefayibha yekhabhoni. Ibikade isetyenziswa kwicandelo lokhuselo ngaphambili.

Iindawo zokusetyenziswa:

Izixhobo ezidityanisiweyo ze-C/Cziphakathi kwikhonkco lemizi-mveliso, kwaye i-upstream ibandakanya i-carbon fiber kunye ne-preform manufacturing, kwaye amasimi okusetyenziswa asezantsi abanzi kakhulu.Izixhobo ezidityanisiweyo ze-C/CZisetyenziswa kakhulu njengezixhobo ezimelana nobushushu, izixhobo zokungqubana, kunye nezixhobo zokusebenza okuphezulu koomatshini. Zisetyenziswa kwi-aerospace (ii-rocket nozzle throat linings, izixhobo zokukhusela ubushushu kunye neendawo zesakhiwo sobushushu benjini), izixhobo zebrake (uloliwe okhawulezayo, iidiski zebrake zeenqwelo-moya), amasimi obushushu e-photovoltaic (iibharele zokufaka i-insulation, ii-crucibles, iityhubhu zesikhokelo kunye nezinye izinto), imizimba yezinto eziphilayo (amathambo okwenziwa) kunye namanye amasimi. Okwangoku, i-home house fieldsIzixhobo ezidityanisiweyo ze-C/CIinkampani zigxila kakhulu kwikhonkco elinye lezinto ezidityanisiweyo kwaye zandisa kwicala elingaphambili lesakhiwo.

Izixhobo ezidityanisiweyo ze-C/C zisebenza kakuhle kakhulu, zinoxinano oluphantsi, amandla aphezulu athile, i-modulus ephezulu ethile, ukuhanjiswa kobushushu obuphezulu, i-coefficient yokwandisa ubushushu obuphantsi, ukuqina okuhle kokuqhekeka, ukumelana nokuguguleka, ukumelana nokukhupha umoya, njl. Ngokukodwa, ngokungafaniyo nezinye izixhobo, amandla ezixhobo ezidityanisiweyo ze-C/C aziyi kuncipha kodwa anokunyuka ngokunyuka kobushushu. Sisixhobo esibalaseleyo esingamelani nobushushu, kwaye ke ngoko saqala ukwenziwa kwimizi-mveliso kwii-rocket throat liners.

Izinto ezidityanisiweyo ze-C/C zizuza iipropati ezibalaseleyo zoomatshini kunye neepropati zokucubungula ze-carbon fiber, kwaye zinokuxhathisa ubushushu kunye nokugqwala kwe-graphite, kwaye ziye zaba ngumncintisani onamandla weemveliso ze-graphite. Ingakumbi kwicandelo lokufaka izicelo elineemfuno zamandla aphezulu - intsimi yobushushu ye-photovoltaic, ukusebenza kakuhle kweendleko kunye nokhuseleko lwezixhobo ezidityanisiweyo ze-C/C ziya zibonakala ngakumbi phantsi kwee-wafers ezinkulu ze-silicon, kwaye ziye zaba yimfuno enzima. Ngokuchaseneyo, i-graphite iye yaba sisongezelelo kwizixhobo ezidityanisiweyo ze-C/C ngenxa yomthamo omncinci wemveliso kwicala lobonelelo.

Ukusetyenziswa kwentsimi yobushushu ye-Photovoltaic:

Intsimi yobushushu yinkqubo yonke yokugcina ukukhula kwe-silicon e-monocrystalline okanye ukuveliswa kwee-ingots ze-silicon ze-polycrystalline kubushushu obuthile. Idlala indima ebalulekileyo kubunyulu, ukufana kunye nezinye iimpawu ze-silicon e-monocrystalline kunye ne-silicon e-polycrystalline, kwaye ikwicala elingaphambili leshishini lokuvelisa i-silicon e-crystalline. Intsimi yobushushu inokwahlulwa ibe yinkqubo yentsimi yobushushu ye-silicon e-monocrystalline single crystal pulling furnace kunye nenkqubo yentsimi yobushushu ye-polycrystalline ingot furnace ngokohlobo lwemveliso. Ekubeni iiseli ze-silicon ze-monocrystalline zisebenza kakuhle kakhulu kuneeseli ze-silicon ze-polycrystalline, isabelo semarike se-monocrystalline silicon wafers siyaqhubeka nokwanda, ngelixa isabelo semarike se-polycrystalline silicon wafers kwilizwe lam siye sehla minyaka le, ukusuka kwi-32.5% ngo-2019 ukuya kwi-9.3% ngo-2020. Ke ngoko, abavelisi bentsimi yobushushu basebenzisa kakhulu indlela yeteknoloji yentsimi yobushushu yee-ovens ze-single crystal pulling.

Umfanekiso 2: Intsimi yobushushu kwikhonkco loshishino lokuvelisa i-silicon ekristale

Intsimi yobushushu yenziwe ngamacandelo angaphezu kweshumi elinesibini, kwaye amacandelo amane angundoqo yi-crucible, ityhubhu yesikhokelo, isilinda yokwambathisa, kunye ne-heater. Amacandelo ahlukeneyo aneemfuno ezahlukeneyo zeempawu zezinto eziphathekayo. Umfanekiso ongezantsi ngumzobo wesicwangciso sentsimi yobushushu ye-silicon enye yekristale. I-crucible, ityhubhu yesikhokelo, kunye nesilinda yokwambathisa ziindawo zesakhiwo senkqubo yentsimi yobushushu. Umsebenzi wazo oyintloko kukuxhasa yonke intsimi yobushushu obuphezulu, kwaye zineemfuno eziphezulu zoxinano, amandla, kunye nokuqhuba kobushushu. I-heater yinto yokufudumeza ngqo kwintsimi yobushushu. Umsebenzi wayo kukubonelela ngamandla obushushu. Ngokubanzi iyamelana, ngoko ke ineemfuno eziphezulu zokumelana nezinto.