Mpweya wopangidwa ndi kaboni/kaboni (C/C yopangidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana() ndi chinthu chopangidwa ndi carbon fiber ndi carbon matrix. Khalidwe lake lodziwika bwino lili mu kapangidwe kake kochokera ku carbon, komwe netiweki ya carbon fiber imagwira ntchito ngati chimango cha kapangidwe kake, pomwe carbon matrix yopangidwa ndi pyrolytic carbon kapena resin carbonization imagwira ntchito ngati chodzaza, ndikukwaniritsa mgwirizano wolimba komanso wolimba pamlingo wa microscopic.
Mbiri yodziwika bwino ya zinthuzi inayamba pamene zinapezeka mwangozi mu labotale ya ku US mu 1958. Njira yake yopangira zinthu yasintha kudzera mu kupita patsogolo kwa ukadaulo monga chemical vapor deposition (CVD) ndi liquid phase impregnation, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti ikhale nthambi yofunika kwambiri ya zipangizo zamakono zotentha kwambiri. Mwachidule, zinthu zopangidwa ndi kaboni/kaboni zimakhala ndi kapangidwe kake kapadera kophatikiza zinthu zopepuka ndi mphamvu zambiri mwa kulumikiza ulusi wa kaboni ndikuwonjezera kaboni, zomwe zimapereka njira zatsopano zothanirana ndi madera ovuta kwambiri.
Zopangidwa ndi kaboni/kaboni zimasonyeza makhalidwe abwino kwambiri m'magawo osiyanasiyana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisasinthidwe m'malo ovuta kwambiri. Choyamba, kuchuluka kwawo kumakhala pakati pa 1.5 ndi 2.0 g/cm³, komwe ndi kochepera kotala kuposa ma superalloy okhala ndi nickel, komabe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusintha kwakukulu pa mphamvu ndi kuuma kwapadera.
Chodabwitsa n'chakuti, kutentha kwawo kuli kosiyana kwambiri: amasunga umphumphu wa kapangidwe kake pamwamba pa 1,650°C, ndi malire apamwamba a 2,600-3,500°C, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti akhale zinthu zokhazo zomwe zimatha kugwira ntchito kutentha kopitilira 3,000°C.
Pa kutentha, zinthuzo zimakhala ndi mphamvu yochepa yokulitsa kutentha (<1×10⁻⁶/°C) komanso kukana kutentha kwambiri, zomwe zimachepetsa ming'alu ikachitika chifukwa cha kutentha kapena kuzizira mwachangu. Pa makina, mphamvu yake yopindika imawonjezeka ndi kutentha, zomwe zimaposa kutentha kwa chipinda pa 2,000°C.
Kuphatikiza apo, ili ndi mphamvu yoyendetsera kutentha kwambiri (200 W/m·K motsatira ulusi), mphamvu yapamwamba kwambiri ya tribological (coefficient ya kukangana ya 0.2-0.4), komanso kukhazikika kwapadera kwa miyeso. Kuphatikiza kwapadera kumeneku kwa zinthu kumatsimikizira magwiridwe antchito okhazikika pansi pa mikhalidwe yovuta, kuphatikiza kutentha kwambiri, katundu wambiri, ndi dzimbiri lamphamvu, zomwe zimayika maziko a ntchito zotsogola mumlengalenga, mphamvu zongowonjezwdwanso, ndi madera ena apamwamba.
Chifukwa cha makhalidwe awo apadera,zinthu zopangidwa ndi kaboni/kabonindapeza ntchito zambiri m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana.
Ndege
Mu gawo la ndege, zinthu zopangidwa ndi kaboni/kaboni ndi zinthu zomwe zimasankhidwa kwambiri pa zinthu zotentha kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, ma nozzles a rocket, masamba a turbine m'mainjini a ndege, ndi makina oteteza kutentha kwa magalimoto obwerera m'mbuyo onse amagwiritsa ntchito zinthuzi. Kukana kwawo kutentha kwambiri komanso mawonekedwe awo opepuka zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zabwino kwambiri pa zombo zamlengalenga ndi ndege.
Makampani Oyendetsa Magalimoto
Popeza magalimoto akufunika kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mafuta komanso kuteteza chilengedwe, zinthu zopangidwa ndi kaboni/kaboni zalowa mumakampani opanga magalimoto, makamaka pa mpikisano. Mphamvu zawo zambiri komanso zopepuka zimachepetsa kulemera kwa magalimoto, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti liwiro ndi magwiridwe antchito aziyenda bwino. Ma disc a kaboni/kaboni amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri m'magalimoto apamwamba komanso m'magalimoto othamanga.
Makampani a Metallurgical
Mu metallurgy, zinthu zopangidwa ndi kaboni/kaboni zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka mu zipangizo zotentha kwambiri za uvuni ndi makina osungunulira. Kukana kwawo kutentha ndi dzimbiri kumathandiza kuti ntchito ikhale yokhazikika m'malo ovuta kwambiri, zomwe zimathandiza kuti njira zosungunulira ziyende bwino.
Zamagetsi ndi Mphamvu
Kuyenda kwa magetsi kwa zinthu zopangidwa ndi kaboni/kaboni kumawapangitsa kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito mu zamagetsi. Mwachitsanzo, m'zigawo zina zamagetsi zamphamvu kwambiri, zinthuzi zimathandiza kuti kutentha kusamayende bwino, motero kumawonjezera kukhazikika kwa ntchito komanso moyo wawo wonse.
Kuphatikiza apo, ntchito zake zikupitilira kukula m'njira monga kupanga ma thermal field a semiconductor wafer, ma nuclear reactor neutron moderators, ndi ma implants a mafupa opangidwa ndi mankhwala. Akuyembekezeka kuti kukula kwa msika wapadziko lonse lapansi kudzapitirira 17 biliyoni yuan pofika chaka cha 2025.
Nthawi yotumizira: Seputembala 30-2025