I-carbon/carbon composite (I-C/C edityanisiweyo) sisixhobo esidityanisiweyo sekhabhoni ngokupheleleyo esenziwe ngokuqiniswa kwefayibha yekhabhoni kunye ne-carbon matrix. Uphawu lwayo olucacileyo lukwisakhiwo sayo esisekelwe kwikhabhoni ngokupheleleyo, apho inethiwekhi yefayibha yekhabhoni isebenza njengesakhelo solwakhiwo, ngelixa i-carbon matrix eyenziwe yi-pyrolytic carbon okanye i-resin carbonization isebenza njengesizalisi, ifikelela kwikhonkco eliqinileyo neliqinileyo kwinqanaba le-microscopic.
Ingxelo yokuqala eyaziwayo yale nto ifumaneka ngengozi kwilebhu yase-US ngo-1958. Inkqubo yayo yokuvelisa iguqukele phambili ngobuchwephesha obufana nokufakwa komphunga wekhemikhali (i-CVD) kunye nokumiliselwa kwesigaba solwelo, nto leyo eyibeka njengesebe elibalulekileyo lezinto zanamhlanje ezishushu kakhulu. Ngokusisiseko, izinto ezidityanisiweyo zekhabhoni/khabhoni zifumana isakhiwo esahlukileyo esidibanisa iipropati ezikhaphukhaphu namandla aphezulu ngokulungelelanisa iifayibha zekhabhoni kunye nokunciphisa i-matrix yekhabhoni, zibonelela ngezisombululo ezintsha kwiindawo ezixineneyo.
Ii-carbon/carbon composites zibonisa iipropati ezibonakalayo ezimangalisayo kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba zingathathelwa indawo kwiindawo ezixineneyo. Okokuqala, uxinano lwazo luqala kwi-1.5 ukuya kwi-2.0 g/cm³, ngaphantsi kwekota yee-superalloys ezisekelwe kwi-nickel, kodwa zifezekisa uphuculo olukhulu kumandla athile kunye nokuqina.
Okumangalisayo kukuba, ukusebenza kwazo ngobushushu kukwahlukile: zigcina ubunzulu besakhiwo ngaphezu kwe-1,650°C, kunye nomda ophezulu wethiyori we-2,600-3,500°C, nto leyo eyenza zibe zezona zinto zolwakhiwo zobushushu obuphezulu kuphela ezikwaziyo ukusebenza kumaqondo obushushu angaphezulu kwe-3,000°C.
Ngokwe-thermal, le nto ibonisa i-coefficient ephantsi yokwandiswa kobushushu (<1×10⁻⁶/°C) kunye nokumelana okubalaseleyo kobushushu, okunciphisa ukuqhekeka phantsi kwemijikelo yokufudumeza okanye yokupholisa ngokukhawuleza. Ngokwe-mechanic, amandla ayo okuguquguquka ayanda ngobushushu, adlule ukusebenza kobushushu begumbi kwi-2,000°C.
Ukongeza, ine-conductivity ephezulu yobushushu (200 W/m·K ecaleni kwefayibha), iipropati ze-tribological eziphezulu (i-friction coefficient ye-0.2-0.4), kunye nozinzo olukhethekileyo. Olu dibaniso olulodwa lweepropati luqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzileyo phantsi kweemeko ezinzima, kubandakanya ubushushu obugqithisileyo, imithwalo ephezulu, kunye nokugqwala okunamandla, okubeka isiseko sezicelo eziphambili kwi-aerospace, amandla avuselelekayo, kunye nezinye iindawo eziphambili.
Ngenxa yeempawu zabo ezikhethekileyo,ii-carbon/carbon compositesndifumene usetyenziso olubanzi kumashishini amaninzi.
I-Aerospace
Kwicandelo leenqwelo-moya, ii-carbon/carbon composites zezona zinto zikhethwayo kwiindawo ezinobushushu obuphezulu. Umzekelo, ii-rocket nozzles, ii-turbine blades kwiinjini zeenqwelo-moya, kunye neenkqubo zokukhusela ubushushu kwizithuthi eziphinda zingene zonke ezi zinto zisebenzisa ezi zinto. Ukumelana kwazo nobushushu obuphezulu kunye neempawu zazo ezilula kuzenza zibe zilungele ii-spacecraft kunye neenqwelo-moya.
Ishishini leeMoto
Ngenxa yokwanda kweemfuno zokonga amafutha kunye nokukhuselwa kwendalo kwiimoto, ii-carbon/carbon composites zingene kwishishini leemoto, ingakumbi kwiimoto ezibalekayo. Amandla azo aphezulu kunye neempawu zazo ezilula zinciphisa ubunzima bezithuthi, nto leyo ephucula ukukhawulezisa kunye nokuphathwa kwazo. Iidiski zeebhuleki ze-carbon/carbon zikwasetyenziswa kakhulu kwiimoto ezinkulu nakwiimoto ezibalekayo.
Ishishini leMetallurgical
Kwi-metallurgy, ii-carbon/carbon composites zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwizixhobo ze-oven ezishushu kakhulu nakwiinkqubo zokunyibilikisa. Ukumelana kwazo nobushushu nokugqwala kwenza ukuba kusebenze ngokuzinzileyo kwiindawo ezixineneyo, okuqinisekisa iinkqubo zokunyibilikisa ezithambileyo.
I-Elektroniki kunye neMandla
Ukuqhuba kombane kwezinto ezidityanisiweyo zekhabhoni/khabhoni kubanika usetyenziso kwizixhobo ze-elektroniki. Umzekelo, kwezinye izinto ze-elektroniki ezinamandla aphezulu, ezi zinto zinceda ekuchitheni ubushushu ngokufanelekileyo, ngaloo ndlela ziphucula uzinzo lokusebenza kunye nobomi.
Ukongeza, usetyenziso lwayo luyaqhubeka nokwanda kwiimeko ezifana nokuveliswa kwamasimi obushushu e-semiconductor wafer, ii-nuclear reactor neutron moderators, kunye nee-medical artificial bone implants. Kuqikelelwa ukuba ubungakanani bemarike yehlabathi buza kudlula kwi-17 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan ngo-2025.
Ixesha leposi: Septemba-30-2025