Inhlanganisela yekhabhoni/ikhabhoni (Inhlanganisela ye-C/C) iyinto ehlanganisiwe egcwele i-carbonaceous eyakhiwe ukuqinisa i-carbon fiber kanye ne-carbon matrix. Isici sayo esichazayo sisekwakhekeni kwayo okusekelwe ku-carbon ngokuphelele, lapho inethiwekhi ye-carbon fiber isebenza njengohlaka lwesakhiwo, kuyilapho i-carbon matrix eyakhiwe yi-pyrolytic carbon noma i-resin carbonization isebenza njengokugcwalisa, ifinyelela isibopho esiqinile nesiqinile ezingeni le-microscopic.
Umlando wokuqala owaziwayo walokhu okubalulekile uqala emuva ekutholakaleni kwawo ngengozi elabhorethri yase-US ngo-1958. Inqubo yawo yokukhiqiza ithuthuke ngentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe efana nokufakwa kwe-chemical vapor (CVD) kanye nokufakwa kwe-liquid phase, okwenza kube yigatsha elibalulekile lezinto zanamuhla ezishisa kakhulu. Ngokuyisisekelo, izinhlanganisela ze-carbon/carbon zithola isakhiwo esiyingqayizivele esihlanganisa izakhiwo ezilula namandla aphezulu ngokuvumelanisa imicu ye-carbon nokuqinisa i-carbon matrix, okunikeza izixazululo ezintsha zezindawo ezibucayi.
Izinhlanganisela zekhabhoni/khabhoni zibonisa izakhiwo ezibonakalayo ezishintshashintshayo kuzo zonke izilinganiso eziningi, okwenza zingathathelwa indawo ezindaweni ezibucayi kakhulu. Okokuqala, ubuningi bazo busukela ku-1.5 kuya ku-2.0 g/cm³, okungaphansi kwengxenye eyodwa kwezine yama-superalloy asekelwe ku-nickel, kodwa zithola ukuthuthuka okuphawulekayo emandleni athile nasekuqineni.
Okuphawulekayo ukuthi ukusebenza kwazo kokushisa kuyamangalisa ngokufanayo: zigcina ubuqotho besakhiwo ngaphezu kuka-1,650°C, kanye nomkhawulo ophezulu wethiyori ongu-2,600-3,500°C, okwenza zibe yizinto zokwakha zokushisa okuphezulu kuphela ezikwazi ukusebenza emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kuka-3,000°C.
Ngokushisa, izinto zibonisa i-coefficient ephansi yokwanda kokushisa (<1×10⁻⁶/°C) kanye nokumelana okukhulu kokushaqeka kokushisa, kunciphisa ukuqhekeka ngaphansi kwemijikelezo yokushisa okusheshayo noma yokupholisa. Ngomshini, amandla ayo okuguquguquka ayanda ngokushisa, adlula ukusebenza kokushisa kwegumbi ku-2,000°C.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ine-conductivity ephezulu yokushisa (200 W/m·K eceleni kwe-fiber direction), izakhiwo ze-tribological eziphakeme (i-friction coefficient engu-0.2-0.4), kanye nokuqina okumangalisayo kobukhulu. Le nhlanganisela eyingqayizivele yezakhiwo iqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima, kufaka phakathi ukushisa okukhulu, imithwalo ephezulu, kanye nokugqwala okunamandla, okubeka isisekelo sezinhlelo zokusebenza eziphambili ezindiza, amandla avuselelekayo, kanye neminye imikhakha esezingeni eliphezulu.
Ngenxa yezakhiwo zabo ezihlukile,izinhlanganisela zekhabhoni/khabhonibathole izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi emikhakheni eminingi.
Izindiza
Emkhakheni wezindiza, izinhlanganisela zekhabhoni/khabhoni ziyizinto ezikhethwayo zezingxenye ezishisa kakhulu. Isibonelo, ama-nozzle erokhethi, ama-turbine blades ezinjini zezindiza, kanye nezinhlelo zokuvikela ukushisa zezimoto ezibuyela emuva zonke zisebenzisa lezi zinto. Ukumelana kwazo okumangalisayo nokushisa okuphezulu kanye nezici ezilula kuzenza zilungele izindiza zasemkhathini nezindiza.
Imboni Yezimoto
Njengoba izidingo zokusebenzisa kahle uphethiloli kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo ezimotweni ziyanda, izinhlanganisela zekhabhoni/khabhoni zingene embonini yezimoto, ikakhulukazi ekugijimeni. Amandla azo aphezulu kanye nezakhiwo ezilula zinciphisa isisindo semoto ngempumelelo, zithuthukisa ukusheshisa kanye nokuphathwa. Ama-disc amabhuleki ekhabhoni/khabhoni nawo asetshenziswa kabanzi ezimotweni ezinkulu nasezimotweni zomjaho ezisezingeni eliphezulu.
Imboni Yensimbi
Kwezokwakha insimbi, izinhlanganisela zekhabhoni/ikhabhoni zisetshenziswa kakhulu emishinini yesithando sokushisa okuphezulu kanye nezinhlelo zokuncibilikisa. Ukumelana kwazo nokushisa okuvelele kanye nokugqwala kwenza ukusebenza okuzinzile ezindaweni ezibucayi, okuqinisekisa izinqubo zokuncibilikisa ezibushelelezi.
I-elekthronikhi kanye namandla
Ukuqhuba kukagesi kwezinto ezihlanganisiwe zekhabhoni/khabhoni kubanika ukusetshenziswa kwe-elekthronikhi. Isibonelo, kwezinye izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi ezinamandla aphezulu, lezi zinto zenza kube lula ukushabalalisa ukushisa okuphumelelayo, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukuzinza kokusebenza kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuyaqhubeka nokukhula ezimweni ezifana nokukhiqiza amasimu okushisa e-semiconductor wafer, abaqondisi be-nuclear reactor neutron, kanye nokufakelwa kwamathambo okwenziwa kwezokwelapha. Kulindeleke ukuthi usayizi wemakethe yomhlaba wonke uzodlula ama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-17 ngo-2025.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba-30-2025