Ibintu bigize karuboni na karuboni ni iki?

Karuboni/ikaruboni ivanze (C/C ivanze) ni igikoresho cyuzuye cya karubone kigizwe n’imbaraga za karubone na matrix ya karubone. Ikiranga cyacyo cyihariye kiri mu imiterere yacyo yose ishingiye kuri karubone, aho urusobe rwa fibre ya karubone rukora nk'imiterere y'imiterere, mu gihe matrix ya karubone ikorwa na karubone ya pyrolytic cyangwa resin carbonization ikora nk'iyuzuza, ikagera ku mubano ukomeye kandi ukomeye ku rwego rwa mikorosikopi.

Inyandiko ya mbere izwi y’iyi mashini ikomoka ku kuvumburwa kwayo mu buryo butunguranye muri laboratwari yo muri Amerika mu 1958. Uburyo bwo kuyikora bwateye imbere binyuze mu iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga nko gushyira umwuka mu kirere (CVD) no gushyiramo amazi mu buryo buciriritse, ibi bikaba ari ishami ry’ingenzi ry’ibikoresho bigezweho bishyuha cyane. Mu by’ukuri, ibigize karuboni/karuboni bigira imiterere yihariye ihuza imiterere yoroheje n’imbaraga nyinshi binyuze mu guhuza imiyoboro ya karuboni no gukaza umubyimba wa karuboni, bigatanga ibisubizo bishya ku bidukikije bikomeye.

Ibikoresho bya karuboni na karuboni bigaragaza imiterere idasanzwe mu ngano nyinshi, bigatuma bidasimburwa mu bidukikije bikomeye. Ubwa mbere, ubucucike bwabyo buri hagati ya 1.5 na 2.0 g / cm³, munsi ya kimwe cya kane cy'ibirungo binini bishingiye kuri nikeli, nyamara bigira ingaruka nziza ku mbaraga n'ubukomere bwihariye.

Igitangaje ni uko imikorere yazo y’ubushyuhe nayo idasanzwe: zigumana ubuziranenge bw’imiterere yazo hejuru ya 1.650°C, zifite umupaka wo hejuru wa 2.600-3.500°C, bigatuma ziba ibikoresho byonyine bifite ubushyuhe bwinshi bishobora gukora ku bushyuhe burenga 3.000°C.

Mu bushyuhe, ibikoresho bigaragaza ko ubushyuhe budakwirakwira cyane (<1 × 10⁻⁶/°C) kandi birwanya cyane ubushyuhe, bigabanya gucikagurika mu gihe cy’ubushyuhe bwihuse cyangwa ubukonje. Mu buryo bwa mashini, imbaraga zabyo zo kuzunguruka ziyongera uko ubushyuhe bugenda buzamuka, birenga ubushyuhe bw’icyumba kuri 2,000°C.

Byongeye kandi, ifite ubushobozi bwo gutwara ubushyuhe bwinshi (200 W/m·K mu cyerekezo cya fibre), imiterere myiza ya tribological (igipimo cyo gucikamo ibice cya 0.2-0.4), hamwe n'ubudahangarwa budasanzwe mu bipimo. Uku guhuza imiterere yihariye gutuma habaho imikorere ihamye mu bihe bikomeye, harimo ubushyuhe bukabije, imitwaro myinshi, na corruption ikomeye, bigashyiraho urufatiro rw'ikoreshwa ry'iterambere mu kirere, ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa, n'izindi nzego zigezweho.

Bitewe n'imiterere yabo yihariye,ibinyabutabire bya karuboni/karubonibabonye uburyo bwinshi bwo gukoresha mu nganda nyinshi.

Ibyerekeye ikirere
Mu rwego rw'indege, ibintu bivanze na karuboni ni byo bikoreshwa cyane mu bikoresho bikoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi. Urugero, imiyoboro ya roketi, ibyuma bya turbine muri moteri z'indege, hamwe na sisitemu zo kurinda ubushyuhe ku binyabiziga bisubiramo byose bikoresha ibi bikoresho. Ubudahangarwa bwabyo budasanzwe ku bushyuhe bwinshi n'imiterere yoroheje ituma biba byiza ku byogajuru n'indege.

Inganda z'imodoka
Kubera ko ibikenewe mu gukoresha neza lisansi no kurengera ibidukikije mu modoka byiyongera, ibinyabutabire bya karuboni/karuboni byinjiye mu nganda z’imodoka, cyane cyane mu masiganwa. Imbaraga zabyo zikomeye n’ubushobozi bwabyo bworoshye bigabanya uburemere bw’ibinyabiziga, bikongera umuvuduko no gutwara. Disiki za feri za karuboni/karuboni nazo zikoreshwa cyane mu modoka nini cyane no mu masiganwa.

Inganda z'ibyuma
Mu buhanga bw'ibyuma, ibikoresho bya karuboni/karuboni bikoreshwa cyane cyane mu bikoresho by'itanura rishyuha cyane no mu buryo bwo gushongesha. Ubushyuhe n'ingese byabyo birwanya cyane imikorere ihamye mu bidukikije bikomeye, bigatuma inzira zo gushongesha zigenda neza.

Ibyuma by'ikoranabuhanga n'ingufu
Uburyo amashanyarazi akoreshwa mu bikoresho bya karuboni/karuboni bituma bikoreshwa mu bikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga. Urugero, mu bice bimwe na bimwe by'ikoranabuhanga bifite ingufu nyinshi, ibi bikoresho byoroshya gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe neza, bityo bikanoza imikorere no kuramba.

Byongeye kandi, ikoreshwa ryayo rikomeje kwaguka mu buryo butandukanye nko mu gukora amashami y’ubushyuhe ya semiconductor wafer, moderators za nuclear reactor neutron, hamwe n’ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi bya artificial bone implants. Biteganijwe ko ingano y’isoko ku isi izarenga miliyari 17 z’amayuwani mu 2025.