Waro/whakakotahitanga waro (C/C hiato) he rauemi hiato waro-katoa i hangaia mai i te whakakaha muka waro me te anga waro. Ko tōna āhuatanga motuhake kei roto i tōna hanganga waro-katoa, ko te whatunga muka waro te anga hanganga, ko te anga waro i hangaia e te waro pyrolytic, te waro kapia rānei te whakakī, ka tutuki ai he hononga pakari me te pakari i te taumata moroiti.
Ko ngā tuhinga tuatahi mō tēnei rauemi i ahu mai i tōna kitenga tūpono i roto i tētahi taiwhanga o Amerika i te tau 1958. Nā ngā whanaketanga hangarau pērā i te whakatakotoranga kohu matū (CVD) me te whakakī wai, kua whakatūria hei peka nui o ngā rauemi pāmahana-tiketike hou. Ko te tikanga, ka tutuki i ngā whakakotahitanga waro/waro tētahi hanganga ahurei e whakakotahi ana i ngā āhuatanga māmā me te kaha teitei mā te whakahāngai i ngā muka waro me te whakakīkī i te anga waro, ka tukuna he otinga auaha mō ngā taiao tino kino.
E whakaatu ana ngā rauemi waro/waro i ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana hou puta noa i ngā āhuatanga maha, ā, kāore e taea te whakakapi i roto i ngā taiao tino kino. Tuatahi, ko te matotoru kei waenga i te 1.5 ki te 2.0 karamu/cm³, he iti iho i te hauwhā o ngā rauemi nikara-nui, engari he nui ngā whakapainga o te kaha me te pakari motuhake.
He mea whakamiharo, he tino pai hoki te mahi wera o ēnei mea: ka mau tonu te kounga o te hanganga i runga ake i te 1,650°C, me te rohenga teitei o te ariā o te 2,600-3,500°C, koia anake te rauemi hanganga pāmahana-teitei e kaha ana ki te mahi i ngā pāmahana neke atu i te 3,000°C.
I runga i te pāmahana, he iti te tauwehenga whānui o te rauemi (<1×10⁻⁶/°C) ā, he tino ātete ki ngā ru wera, e whakaiti ana i te pakaru i raro i ngā huringa whakamahana, whakamatao rānei tere. I runga i te ā-pūkaha, ka piki ake tōna kaha piko i te pāmahana, ka hipa ake i te mahi pāmahana rūma i te 2,000°C.
Hei tāpiritanga, he nui te kawe wera (200 W/m·K i te ahunga muka), he pai ake ngā āhuatanga tribological (te tauwehenga waku o te 0.2-0.4), me te pumau o ngā āhuatanga. Mā tēnei huinga ahurei o ngā āhuatanga ka pumau te mahi i raro i ngā āhuatanga uaua, tae atu ki te wera nui, ngā kawenga nui, me te waikura kaha, ka whakatakoto i te turanga mō ngā tono hou i roto i te rererangi, te pūngao whakahou, me ētahi atu mara matatau.
Nā ō rātou āhuatanga ahurei,ngā whakakotahitanga waro/warokua kitea he whānuitanga o ngā tono puta noa i ngā ahumahi maha.
Te Rererangi
I roto i te rāngai rererangi, ko ngā rauemi whakakotahi waro/waro te rauemi whiriwhiri mō ngā wāhanga pāmahana-tiketike. Hei tauira, ko ngā pūwero rōkete, ngā mata tāpine i roto i ngā miihini rererangi, me ngā pūnaha tiaki wera mō ngā waka whakahoki mai e whakamahi ana i ēnei rauemi. Nā te ātete pāmahana-tiketike me ngā āhuatanga mama e tino pai ai mō ngā waka mokowhiti me ngā waka rererangi.
Ahumahi Motuka
I te pikinga ake o ngā tono mō te penapena wahie me te tiaki taiao i roto i ngā motuka, kua uru mai ngā rauemi whakakotahi waro/waro ki te umanga motuka, inā koa i roto i te reihi. Nā te kaha me te mama o ēnei rauemi ka whakaiti i te taumaha o te waka, ka whakarei ake i te whakaterenga me te whakahaere. E whakamahia whānuitia ana hoki ngā kōpae parai waro/waro i roto i ngā motuka tere me ngā waka reihi.
Ahumahi Whakarewa
I roto i te mahi whakarewa, ka whakamahia te nuinga o ngā rauemi waro/waro ki ngā taputapu oumu pāmahana-tiketike me ngā pūnaha whakarewa. Nā te kaha o te ātete ki te wera me te waikura, ka taea te whakahaere pumau i roto i ngā taiao tino kino, kia maeneene ai ngā tukanga whakarewa.
Hikohiko me te Pūngao
Nā te kawe hiko o ngā hiato waro/waro ka taea te whakamahi i roto i ngā mahi hiko. Hei tauira, i roto i ētahi wāhanga hiko mana-teitei, ka āwhina ēnei rauemi i te tohatoha wera pai, ā, ka whakapai ake i te pumau me te roa o te mahi.
Hei tāpiritanga, kei te whānui haere tonu āna whakamahinga i roto i ngā horopaki pēnei i te hanga papa wera o te haurua-haurua, ngā kaiwhakatikatika neutron o te tauhohenga karihi, me ngā whakaurunga wheua horihori hauora. E matapaetia ana ka neke atu te rahi o te mākete o te ao i te 17 piriona yuan i te tau 2025.
Wā tuku: 30 o Hepetema 2025