Isikhephe seQuartz, njengenxalenye yesixhobo esichanekileyo esenziwe ngezinto ezicocekileyo ze-quartz, zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiinkalo ezininzi ezifana nokuveliswa kwe-semiconductor, imboni ye-optoelectronics, uhlalutyo lweekhemikhali kunye novavanyo oluphezulu lokushisa. Iimpawu zayo ezikhethekileyo zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali zinika uluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo kunye nendima engenakubuyiselwa.
Umsebenzi oyintloko wesikhephe se-quartz kukubonelela ngeqonga elizinzile, elinobushushu obuphezulu kunye neqonga elizinzile ngokwekhemikhali okanye isitya sokuthwala kunye nokukhusela izinto okanye iisampuli ezisebenza kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu okanye kwiindawo ezinobungozi.
1. Ukwenziwa kweSemiconductor:Kwinkqubo yokuvelisa i-semiconductor, izikhephe zequartz zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukuthwala ii-silicone wafers ukuze zisasazwe, i-oxidation, i-annealing kunye nolunye unyango lwenkqubo. Ukumelana nokushisa kwayo okuphezulu kuqinisekisa ukuba ii-wafers ze-silicon aziyi kungcoliswa okanye zikhubazeke kwindawo yokushisa ephezulu, ngaloo ndlela iqinisekisa umgangatho kunye nokusebenza kwezixhobo ze-semiconductor.
2. Ishishini le-Optoelectronics:Iinqanawa ze-quartz nazo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuveliseni izixhobo ze-optoelectronic. Zingasetyenziselwa njengabathwali kwinkqubo yokudweba i-fiber optical ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba i-fiber optical igcina imo kunye nobukhulu obuzinzile ngexesha lenkqubo yokudweba ukushisa okuphezulu. Kwangaxeshanye, izikhephe zequartz nazo zingasetyenziswa ekuveliseni iitshiphusi ze-LED ukubonelela ngemeko ezinzileyo yokukhula kweechips.
3. Uhlalutyo lwemichiza:Kwinkalo yohlalutyo lweekhemikhali, iinqanawa ze-quartz zihlala zisetyenziswa njengezikhongozeli zovavanyo lokwetyisa lobushushu obuphezulu. Bangakwazi ukumelana nokukhukuliseka kweekhemikhali ezitshabalalisayo ezifana ne-acids eqinile kunye ne-alkalis, ukuqinisekisa ukuba isampuli ayiyi kungcoliswa okanye ilahleke ngexesha lokugaya. Kwangaxeshanye, ukuhanjiswa kokukhanya kwesikhephe sequartz kuvumela abavavanyi ukuba babeke iliso kwaye bahlalutye isampulu ngexesha lokwenyani ngohlalutyo lwembonakalo kunye nezinye iindlela.
4. Umfuniselo wobushushu obuphezulu:Kwimeko yovavanyo lobushushu obuphezulu, isikhephe sequartz sikwasebenza kakuhle. Ingasetyenziswa njengesibambi sesampulu okanye isikhongozeli sokuphendula ukwenza imifuniselo eyahlukeneyo yomzimba, yekhemikhali okanye yezinto eziphathekayo phantsi kweemeko zobushushu obuphezulu. Ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu okuphezulu kunye nokuzinza kweekhemikhali kwenza iziphumo zovavanyo zichaneke kwaye zithembeke.
Isishwankathelo,isikhephe sequartzidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiinkalo ezininzi ezifana nokuveliswa kwe-semiconductor, imboni ye-optoelectronics, uhlalutyo lweekhemikhali kunye novavanyo oluphezulu lobushushu kunye neempawu zayo ezizodwa kunye neekhemikhali. Ayinikezeli kuphela iqonga elizinzile nelithembekileyo okanye isitya sovavanyo kunye nemveliso, kodwa iphucula ukuchaneka nokuthembeka kweziphumo zovavanyo.
Inkqubo yokuveliswa kweenqanawa ze-quartz kunye nokukhethwa kwezinto eziluhlaza
Inkqubo yokuvelisa kunye nokukhethwa kwezinto eziluhlaza kwisikhephe se-quartz zihambelana ngokuthe ngqo nomgangatho kunye nokusebenza kwemveliso.
Okokuqala, ukukhethwa kwezinto ezikrwada zeizikhephe zequartzibalulekile. Izixhobo eziphambili zeenqanawa ze-quartz ziyi-high-purity quartz isanti okanye i-quartz rods. I-quartz yococeko oluphezulu ineempawu ezibalaseleyo ezifana nokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, ukumelana nokubola, ukuhanjiswa kokukhanya okuphezulu kunye ne-coefficient yokwandisa okuphantsi, kwaye sisixhobo esifanelekileyo sokwenza izikhephe zequartz. Xa ukhetha izinto eziluhlaza, izinto ezinjengobunyulu, ukusabalalisa ubungakanani be-particle kunye ne-crystal structure ye-quartz kufuneka inikwe ingqalelo. I-quartz yococeko oluphezulu inokunciphisa impembelelo yokungcola ekusebenzeni kwemveliso, izinto eziluhlaza kunye nokusabalalisa ubungakanani be-particle efanayo zihambelana nokufana kunye nokuzinza ngexesha lokucubungula, kunye nesakhiwo esihle se-crystal sinokuphucula amandla kunye nokumelana nokushisa kweenqanawa ze-quartz.
Okwesibini, inkqubo yokwenziwa kwesikhephe se-quartz inzima kwaye ithambile. Ngethuba lenkqubo yokuvelisa, izinto eziluhlaza kufuneka zihambe ngoluhlu lwamanyathelo okucubungula, kubandakanywa ukutyumza, ukukhangela, ukuhlanjululwa, ukunyibilika, ukubumba kunye nokudibanisa. Amanyathelo okutyumza kunye nokuhlola asetyenziselwa ukucubungula izinto eziluhlaza zibe yi-particle size ilungele ukusetyenzwa okulandelayo; inyathelo lokucoca lisusa ukungcola kwizinto eziluhlaza ngamachiza okanye iindlela eziphathekayo zokuphucula ukucoceka kwe-quartz; inyathelo lokunyibilika kukunyibilikisa i-quartz esulungekileyo ibe ngulwelo kwiqondo lobushushu eliphezulu lokubumba lula; inyathelo lokubumba kukujova i-quartz etyhidiweyo kwi-mold, kwaye emva kokupholisa, yenza isikhephe se-quartz sesimo esifunwayo; inyathelo le-annealing kukuphelisa uxinzelelo olwenziwe ngexesha lokubumba kunye nokuphucula ukuzinza kunye nokuqina kwesikhephe se-quartz.
Kwinkqubo yokuvelisa, ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kufuneka ihlawulwe ekulawuleni ukushisa kunye nexesha. Iqondo lokushisa kunye nexesha leeparamitha kwinkqubo yokunyibilika kunye ne-annealing inefuthe elibalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kwesikhephe se-quartz. Ukushisa okuphezulu kakhulu okanye ixesha elide kunokubangela ukuba isakhiwo se-crystal yesikebhe se-quartz sitshintshe, ngaloo ndlela sichaphazela ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu kunye nokuxhathisa ukubola. Ngoko ke, iqondo lokushisa kunye nexesha kufuneka lilawulwe ngokuchanekileyo ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvelisa ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukusebenza kwesikhephe se-quartz kuhlangabezana neemfuno ezilindelekileyo.
Ukongezelela, unyango olungaphezulu kwinqanawa ye-quartz nayo iyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yokuvelisa. Unyango oluphezulu lubandakanya ukucolisa, ukucocwa kunye namanyathelo okugubungela, ajolise ekuphuculeni ukugudisa, ukucoceka kunye nokumelana nokugqoka kwesikhephe se-quartz. Isinyathelo sokupholisa sinokususa iimpazamo ezincinci kumphezulu wesikhephe se-quartz kunye nokuphucula iimpawu zayo ezibonakalayo; inyathelo lokucoca kukususa ioli kunye nokungcola okwenziwe ngexesha lokucubungula ukuqinisekisa ukucoceka kwesikhephe se-quartz; inyathelo lokugquma lingenza ifilimu ekhuselayo kumphezulu wesikhephe se-quartz ukuphucula ukuxhatshazwa kwayo kunye nobomi benkonzo.
Isishwankathelo, inkqubo yokuvelisa kunye nokukhethwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo kwiinqanawa ze-quartz zizinto eziphambili ezichaphazela umgangatho kunye nokusebenza kwazo. Kuphela ngokudibanisa izinto eziluhlaza ze-quartz ezicocekileyo kunye neenkqubo zokuvelisa eziyinkimbinkimbi zinokuveliswa isikhephe se-quartz esinentsebenzo ephezulu. I-VET Amandla igxile kwizinto ezinjengobunyulu, ukusabalalisa ubungakanani be-particle size, kunye ne-crystal structure yezinto eziluhlaza, ngelixa ulawula ngokuchanekileyo ubushushu kunye neeparitha zexesha kwinkqubo yokuvelisa kwaye ugxininise kumgangatho wonyango lomhlaba ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba ukusebenza kwesikhephe se-quartz kuhlangabezana neemfuno ezilindelekileyo kunye nokubonelela ngezixhobo ezinokwethenjelwa ngakumbi kwiilabhoratri kunye neendawo zoshishino.
Iimpawu ezibalaseleyo ze-optical kunye nokumelana ne-asidi
Okokuqala, iimpawu ezibalaseleyo ze-opticalisikhephe sequartzyenye yeempawu zabo eziphawulekayo. I-quartz, njengeminerali ehambisa ukukhanya kakhulu, inoluhlu olubanzi lokuhambisa ukukhanya, ukusuka ekukhanyeni kwe-ultraviolet ukuya ekukhanyeni kwe-infrared. Eli nqaku linika izikhephe zequartz inzuzo ekhethekileyo kwiimvavanyo zamehlo. Kwiimvavanyo ezichanekileyo eziphezulu ezifana nokusika i-laser, i-optical coating, kunye nohlalutyo lwe-spectral, izikhephe ze-quartz zinokugcina ukuhanjiswa komgca othe ngqo wokukhanya kunye nokunciphisa ilahleko, ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kunye nokuthembeka kweziphumo zovavanyo. Ukongezelela, iipropathi ze-optical ze-quartz zibonakaliswe kwi-coefficient yazo yokwandisa i-thermal ephantsi, oku kuthetha ukuba iinqanawa ze-quartz azikhubazekanga ngokulula kumaqondo okushisa aphezulu, ngaloo ndlela zigcina uzinzo kunye nokuchaneka kwamacandelo optical.
Okwesibini, ukuxhathisa kweasidi kwiinqanawa ze-quartz yenye into ebalulekileyo. Izixhobo ze-quartz zinokumelana nokugqwala okulungileyo kwiiasidi ezininzi, kubandakanywa neeasidi ezinamandla ezifana ne-sulfuric acid kunye ne-hydrochloric acid. Eli nqaku lenza ukusetyenziswa kwezikhephe zequartz kwindawo ezineasidi kugqame ngakumbi. Kwimimandla yokuvelisa i-semiconductor, imboni ye-photovoltaic kunye ne-chemical synthesis, izisombululo ze-acidic zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukucoca, ukubethelwa kunye neenkqubo zokuphendula izinto. Ukuxhatshazwa kwe-asidi yeenqanawa ze-quartz kuqinisekisa ukuba ingqibelelo kunye nokuzinza kwesakhiwo kunokugcinwa ngexesha lezi nkqubo, ukuphepha ukuthotywa kokusebenza okanye ukungaphumeleli ngenxa yokubola. Ukongeza, ukuxhathisa kweasidi yeenqanawa zequartz kuzenza zikhuseleke ngakumbi xa ziphethe inkunkuma enobungozi kunye nongcoliseko, ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokungcoliseka kwendalo.
Iimpawu ezibalaseleyo ze-optical kunye nokumelana ne-asidi yeenqanawa ze-quartz ziphuma kwizinto ezikhethekileyo kunye noyilo lwesakhiwo. Isakhiwo se-crystal ye-quartz yococeko oluphezulu luzinzile kwaye alunakho ukungcola kunye neziphene, ngaloo ndlela iqinisekisa iimpawu zayo ezintle ze-optical kunye nokumelana nokubola. Kwangaxeshanye, izikhephe zequartz zamkela itekhnoloji yokucubungula echanekileyo kunye nemigangatho engqongqo yolawulo lomgangatho ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvelisa ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka komgangatho kunye nokugqitywa komphezulu, ukuphucula ngakumbi ukusebenza kwabo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-04-2025