Alaƙa tsakanin graphite da semiconductor

Ba daidai ba ne a ce graphite semiconductor ne. A wasu fannoni na bincike na gaba, kayan carbon kamar su nanotubes na carbon, fina-finan sieve na carbon da fina-finan carbon masu kama da lu'u-lu'u (yawancinsu suna da wasu muhimman halaye na semiconductor a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayi) suna da alaƙa dakayan graphite, amma tsarin su na ƙananan ya bambanta sosai da tsarin graphite mai layi ɗaya.

A cikin graphite, akwai electrons guda huɗu a cikin mafi ƙarshen Layer na atoms na carbon, uku daga cikinsu suna samar da haɗin gwiwa tare da electrons na sauran atoms na carbon, don haka kowace atom na carbon yana da electrons guda uku don samar da haɗin gwiwa, kuma sauran ana kiransa π electrons. Waɗannan π electrons suna motsawa kusan kyauta a cikin sararin da ke tsakanin yadudduka, kuma ikon watsawa na graphite ya dogara ne akan waɗannan π electrons. Ta hanyar hanyoyin sinadarai, bayan an mayar da carbon a cikin graphite zuwa wani abu mai karko, kamar carbon dioxide, ikon watsawa ya raunana. Idan an haɗa graphite, waɗannan π electrons za su samar da haɗin gwiwa tare da electrons na atoms na oxygen, don haka ba za su iya motsawa cikin 'yanci ba, kuma ikon watsawa zai ragu sosai. Wannan shine ƙa'idar mai watsawa najagoran graphite.

Masana'antar semiconductor galibi ta ƙunshi da'irori masu haɗawa, optoelectronics, masu rabawa da na'urori masu auna firikwensin. Sabbin kayan semiconductor suna buƙatar bin dokoki da yawa don maye gurbin kayan silicon na gargajiya da kuma samun karbuwa a kasuwa. Tasirin hoto da tasirin Hall sune manyan dokoki guda biyu a yau. Masana kimiyya sun lura da tasirin quantum Hall na graphene a zafin ɗaki kuma sun gano cewa graphene ba zai haifar da warwatsewa ba bayan ya gamu da ƙazanta, wanda ke nuna cewa yana da kyawawan halaye na gudanarwa. Bugu da ƙari, graphene kusan yana da haske da ido tsirara kuma yana da cikakken haske. Graphene yana da kyawawan halaye na gani kuma zai canza tare da kauri. Ya dace da amfani a fagen optoelectronics. Graphene yana da kyawawan halaye da yawa kuma za a yi amfani da shi a fannoni da yawa, kamar allon nuni, capacitor, firikwensin da sauransu