Hazvina kururama kutaura kuti graphite imhando ye semiconductor. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzekutsvaga kwemiganhu, zvinhu zvekabhoni zvakaita semachubhu e carbon nano, mafirimu e carbon molecular sieve uye mafirimu e carbon akafanana nedhaimani (akawanda acho ane zvimwe zvinhu zvakakosha zve semiconductor pasi pemamwe mamiriro ezvinhu) ndezvawo.zvinhu zvegrafiti, asi chimiro chavo chidiki chakasiyana zvakanyanya nechimiro chegirafiti chakajairika.
Mu graphite, mune maerekitironi mana ari kunze kweatomu dzekabhoni, matatu acho anoumba ma covalent bonds nemaerekitironi emamwe maatomu ekabhoni, zvekuti atomu yega yega yekabhoni ine maerekitironi matatu ekuumba ma covalent bonds, uye yasara inonzi ma π electrons. Aya ma π electrons anofamba zvakasununguka munzvimbo iri pakati pezvikamu, uye conductivity ye graphite inonyanya kutsamira pamaerekitironi aya e π. Kuburikidza nenzira dzemakemikari, mushure mekunge kabhoni iri mu graphite yashandurwa kuita chinhu chakagadzikana, senge carbon dioxide, conductivity inodzikira. Kana graphite yaiswa oxidized, maerekitironi aya e π achaumba covalent bonds nemaerekitironi emaatomu eokisijeni, saka haachagoni kufamba zvakasununguka, uye conductivity ichaderedzwa zvakanyanya. Iyi ndiyo conductive principle yemutungamiriri wegirafiti.
Indasitiri yesemiconductor inonyanya kuumbwa nemacircuits akabatanidzwa, ma optoelectronics, ma separator nema sensor. Zvinhu zvitsva zve semiconductor zvinofanirwa kutevedzera mitemo yakawanda kuti zvitsive zvinhu zve silicon zvechinyakare uye zviwane kuzivikanwa pamusika. Photoelectric effect uye Hall effect ndiyo mitemo miviri yakakosha nhasi. Masayendisiti akaona quantum Hall effect ye graphene patembiricha yemukamuri uye akawana kuti graphene haizoburitse kupararira mushure mekusangana nekusvibiswa, zvichiratidza kuti ine super conductive properties. Pamusoro pezvo, graphene inenge yakajeka neziso rega rega uye ine kujeka kwakanyanya. Graphene ine optical properties yakanaka uye ichachinja nekukora kwayo. Yakakodzera kushandiswa mumunda we optoelectronics. Graphene ine hunyanzvi hwakawanda hwakanaka uye ichashandiswa muminda yakawanda, senge display screen, capacitor, sensor nezvimwewo.
Nguva yekutumira: Ndira-07-2022