He tino hē te kī he haurua-whakakotahi te karāpeti. I ētahi mara rangahau rohe, ko ngā rauemi waro pēnei i ngā nanotube waro, ngā kiriata tātari ngota waro me ngā kiriata waro rite-taimana (ko te nuinga he āhuatanga haurua-whakakotahi nui i raro i ētahi tikanga) nōngā rauemi karāhe, engari he rerekē rawa tō rātou hanganga moroiti i te hanganga paparanga karāhe noa.
I roto i te karāpiti, e whā ngā irahiko i roto i te paparanga o waho rawa o ngā ngota waro, e toru o ēnei e hanga hononga kōtuitanga me ngā irahiko o ētahi atu ngota waro, nō reira e toru ngā irahiko o ia ngota waro hei hanga hononga kōtuitanga, ā, ko te toenga e kiia ana ko ngā irahiko π. Ka neke noa ēnei irahiko π i te wāhi i waenganui i ngā paparanga, ā, ko te kawe hiko o te karāpiti e whakawhirinaki ana ki ēnei irahiko π. Mā ngā tikanga matū, i muri i te hurihanga o te waro i roto i te karāpiti hei huānga pumau, pērā i te hauhā waro, ka ngoikore te kawe hiko. Mēnā ka waikura te karāpiti, ka hanga hononga kōtuitanga ēnei irahiko π me ngā irahiko o ngā ngota hāora, nō reira kāore e taea e rātou te neke noa, ā, ka tino heke te kawe hiko. Koinei te mātāpono kawe hiko okaiārahi karāpeti.
Ko te umanga haurua-irahiko he mea hanga nui mai i ngā ara iahiko whakauru, ngā hikohiko optoelectronics, ngā wehewehe me ngā pūoko. Me whai ngā rauemi haurua-irahiko hou i ngā ture maha hei whakakapi i ngā rauemi silicon tuku iho me te toa i te mākete. Ko te pānga whakaahua me te pānga Hall ngā ture tino nui e rua i ēnei rā. I tirohia e ngā kaipūtaiao te pānga Hall kuantum o te graphene i te pāmahana rūma, ā, i kitea e rātou kāore te graphene e whakaputa i te marara whakamuri i muri i te tūtaki ki ngā poke, e tohu ana he tino kaha te kawe hiko. Hei tāpiri, he tata mārama te graphene ki te kanohi tahanga, ā, he tino mārama. He tino pai ngā āhuatanga whatu o te graphene, ā, ka rerekē haere me tōna matotoru. He pai mō te tono i roto i te mara o te hikohiko optoelectronics. He maha ngā āhuatanga tino pai o te graphene, ā, ka whakamahia i roto i ngā mara maha, pērā i te mata whakaatu, te pūnga, te pūoko me ētahi atu.
Wā tuku: Hanuere-07-2022