Kev sib raug zoo ntawm graphite thiab semiconductor

Nws yog qhov tsis raug heev uas hais tias graphite yog ib qho semiconductor. Hauv qee qhov kev tshawb fawb txog ciam teb, cov ntaub ntawv carbon xws li carbon nanotubes, carbon molecular sieve films thiab diamond-zoo li carbon films (feem ntau ntawm cov uas muaj qee yam khoom tseem ceeb semiconductor nyob rau hauv qee qhov xwm txheej) yog raucov ntaub ntawv graphite, tab sis lawv cov qauv me me txawv ntawm cov qauv graphite ib txwm muaj.

Hauv graphite, muaj plaub lub electrons nyob rau hauv txheej sab nraud ntawm cov carbon atoms, peb ntawm cov uas tsim covalent bonds nrog cov electrons ntawm lwm cov carbon atoms, yog li txhua lub carbon atom muaj peb lub electrons los tsim covalent bonds, thiab qhov seem yog hu ua π electrons. Cov π electrons no txav mus los li ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg, thiab qhov conductivity ntawm graphite feem ntau nyob ntawm cov π electrons no. Los ntawm cov txheej txheem tshuaj lom neeg, tom qab cov carbon hauv graphite raug hloov mus ua ib qho khoom ruaj khov, xws li carbon dioxide, qhov conductivity tsis muaj zog. Yog tias graphite raug oxidized, cov π electrons no yuav tsim covalent bonds nrog cov electrons ntawm cov oxygen atoms, yog li lawv tsis tuaj yeem txav mus los tau yooj yim, thiab qhov conductivity yuav raug txo qis heev. Qhov no yog Conductive principle ntawmtus neeg xyuas pib graphite.

Kev lag luam semiconductor feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm cov integrated circuits, optoelectronics, separators thiab sensors. Cov ntaub ntawv semiconductor tshiab yuav tsum ua raws li ntau txoj cai los hloov cov ntaub ntawv silicon ib txwm muaj thiab yeej kev lees paub hauv kev lag luam. Photoelectric effect thiab Hall effect yog ob txoj cai tseem ceeb tshaj plaws niaj hnub no. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau saib xyuas quantum Hall effect ntawm graphene ntawm chav tsev kub thiab pom tias graphene yuav tsis tsim cov scattering rov qab tom qab ntsib cov khoom tsis huv, qhia tias nws muaj cov khoom super conductive. Tsis tas li ntawd, graphene yuav luag pob tshab nrog lub qhov muag liab qab thiab muaj pob tshab siab heev. Graphene muaj cov khoom siv optical zoo heev thiab yuav hloov pauv nrog nws cov tuab. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev siv hauv thaj chaw ntawm optoelectronics. Graphene muaj ntau yam khoom zoo heev thiab yuav siv rau hauv ntau thaj chaw, xws li cov vijtsam zaub, capacitor, sensor thiab lwm yam.