Isano iri hagati ya grafiti na semiconductor

Ntibikwiye na gato kuvuga ko grafiti ari semiconductor. Mu nzego zimwe na zimwe z’ubushakashatsi ku mipaka, ibikoresho bya karuboni nka nanotubes za karuboni, filime za sieve za karuboni na filime za karuboni zisa na diyama (inyinshi muri zo zifite imiterere y’ingenzi ya semiconductor mu bihe bimwe na bimwe) ni ibyaibikoresho bya grafiti, ariko imiterere yabyo itandukanye cyane n'imiterere isanzwe ya grafiti.

Muri grafiti, hari electron enye mu gice cyo hanze cya atome za karuboni, eshatu muri zo zikora imigozi ya covalent hamwe na electron z'izindi atome za karuboni, ku buryo buri atome ya karuboni ifite electron eshatu zo gukora imigozi ya covalent, naho indi imwe yitwa electron za π. Izi electron za π zigenda mu buryo bworoshye mu mwanya uri hagati y'ibice, kandi ubwikorezi bwa graphite bushingiye cyane cyane kuri izi electron za π. Binyuze mu buryo bwa chimique, nyuma yuko karuboni muri grafiti ihinduwe ikintu gihamye, nka dioxyde de carbone, ubwikorezi buragabanuka. Iyo grafiti ikozwe oxidation, izi electron za π zizakora imigozi ya covalent hamwe na electron za atome za ogisijeni, bityo ntizibashe kugenda neza, kandi ubwikorezi buzagabanuka cyane. Iri ni ihame ry'ubwikorezi ryaumuyobozi wa grafiti.

Inganda za semiconductor zigizwe ahanini n'imiyoboro ya elegitoroniki, optoelectronics, separators na sensors. Ibikoresho bishya bya semiconductor bigomba gukurikiza amategeko menshi kugira ngo bisimbuze ibikoresho gakondo bya silikoni kandi bimenyekane ku isoko. Ingaruka z'amashanyarazi n'ingaruka za Hall ni byo mategeko abiri y'ingenzi muri iki gihe. Abahanga mu bya siyansi babonye ingaruka za quantum Hall za graphene ku bushyuhe bw'icyumba maze basanga graphene itazatanga gukwirakwira nyuma yo guhura n'umwanda, bigaragaza ko ifite imiterere ikomeye yo gutwara ibintu. Byongeye kandi, graphene iragaragara cyane iyo urebye amaso kandi ifite imiterere yo hejuru cyane. Graphene ifite imiterere myiza y'urumuri kandi izahinduka uko ubugari bwayo bungana. Ikwiriye gukoreshwa mu bijyanye na optoelectronics. Graphene ifite imiterere myinshi myiza kandi izakoreshwa mu nzego nyinshi, nko kureba ecran, capacitor, sensor n'ibindi.