Ubale pakati pa graphite ndi semiconductor

N'zosalondola kunena kuti graphite ndi semiconductor. M'magawo ena ofufuza m'malire, zinthu za kaboni monga ma carbon nanotubes, mafilimu a carbon molecular sieve ndi mafilimu a kaboni ofanana ndi diamondi (ambiri mwa iwo ali ndi makhalidwe ena ofunikira a semiconductor pansi pa mikhalidwe ina) ndi azipangizo za graphite, koma kapangidwe kake kakang'ono kamakhala kosiyana kwambiri ndi kapangidwe ka graphite wamba.

Mu graphite, pali ma elekitironi anayi omwe ali kunja kwa ma atomu a kaboni, atatu mwa iwo amapanga ma covalent bond ndi ma elekitironi a ma atomu ena a kaboni, kotero kuti atomu iliyonse ya kaboni imakhala ndi ma elekitironi atatu opanga ma covalent bond, ndipo yotsalayo imatchedwa ma elekitironi a π. Ma elekitironi a π awa amayenda momasuka pakati pa zigawo, ndipo conductivity ya graphite imadalira kwambiri ma elekitironi a π awa. Kudzera mu njira zamankhwala, carbon mu graphite ikasanduka chinthu chokhazikika, monga carbon dioxide, conductivity imafooka. Ngati graphite yasinthidwa, ma elekitironi a π awa amapanga covalent bond ndi ma elekitironi a ma atomu a oxygen, kotero sangathenso kuyenda momasuka, ndipo conductivity idzachepa kwambiri. Iyi ndi mfundo yoyendetsera yawoyendetsa graphite.

Makampani opanga ma semiconductor amapangidwa makamaka ndi ma circuits ophatikizidwa, ma optoelectronics, olekanitsa ndi masensa. Zipangizo zatsopano za semiconductor ziyenera kutsatira malamulo ambiri kuti zisinthe zinthu zachikhalidwe za silicon ndikupambana kuzindikirika pamsika. Photoelectric effect ndi Hall effect ndi malamulo awiri ofunikira kwambiri masiku ano. Asayansi adawona quantum Hall effect ya graphene kutentha kwa chipinda ndipo adapeza kuti graphene sipanganso kufalikira pambuyo pokumana ndi zodetsa, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti ili ndi mphamvu zoyendetsera bwino kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, graphene imakhala yowonekera bwino ndi maso ndipo imakhala yowonekera kwambiri. Graphene ili ndi mphamvu zabwino kwambiri zowunikira ndipo imasintha ndi makulidwe ake. Ndi yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'munda wa optoelectronics. Graphene ili ndi mphamvu zambiri zabwino ndipo idzagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo ambiri, monga chiwonetsero chazithunzi, capacitor, sensor ndi zina zotero.