Hoʻohana mākou iā lākou e hāʻawi iā ʻoe i ka ʻike maikaʻi loa. Inā hoʻomau ʻoe e hoʻohana i kā mākou pūnaewele, e manaʻo mākou ua hauʻoli ʻoe e loaʻa nā kuki āpau ma kēia pūnaewele.
Ke hoʻokomo nei ka hui ʻaila Italia ʻo Eni i $50 miliona ma Commonwealth Fusion Systems, kahi hui MIT e hana pū ana me ka ʻoihana ma ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā magnet superconducting e hana i ka ikehu zero-carbon i kahi hoʻokolohua mana fusion i kapa ʻia ʻo SPARC. Loaʻa iā Julian Turner ka ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo mai ka Luna Nui ʻo Robert Mumgaard.
I loko o nā hale kapu o ka Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) ke hana nei kahi kipi ikehu. Ma hope o nā makahiki he ʻumi o ka holomua, manaʻoʻiʻo nā kānaka ʻepekema ua mākaukau ka mana fusion e koi i kona lā a ua hiki koke mai ka grail hemolele o ka ikehu palena ʻole, ʻaʻohe ahi, ʻaʻohe kalapona.
Ua kaʻana like ʻo Eni, ka hui ikehu Italia, i kēia manaʻolana, e hoʻolilo ana i €50m ($62m) i kahi papahana hui pū me ka Plasma Fusion and Science Center (PSFC) a MIT a me ka hui pilikino ʻo Commonwealth Fusion Systems (CFS), kahi e manaʻo ai e hoʻolalelale i ka mana fusion ma ka grid i loko o 15 mau makahiki.
ʻO ka kaohi ʻana i ka fusion, ke kaʻina hana e hoʻoikaika ai i ka lā a me nā hōkū, ua kū ʻia e ka pilikia kahiko: ʻoiai ke hoʻokuʻu nei ka hana i ka nui o ka ikehu, hiki ke hana ʻia ma nā mahana wela loa o nā miliona degere Celsius, ʻoi aku ka wela ma mua o ke kikowaena o ka lā, a wela loa no kekahi mea paʻa e hoʻomanawanui.
Ma muli o ka pilikia o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā wahie fusion ma kēia mau kūlana koʻikoʻi, ua holo nā hoʻokolohua mana fusion, a hiki i kēia manawa, ma kahi hemahema, e hoʻopuka ana i ka ikehu liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka mea e pono ai e hoʻomau i nā hopena fusion, a no laila ʻaʻole hiki ke hana i ka uila no ka grid.
"Ua aʻo nui ʻia ka noiʻi Fusion i nā makahiki he ʻumi i hala iho nei, e hopena ana i nā holomua i ka ʻike ʻepekema a me nā ʻenehana no ka mana fusion," wahi a Robert Mumgaard, Luna Nui o CFS.
"Ke kālepa nei ʻo CFS i ka fusion me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano kiʻekiʻe, kahi e hoʻomohala nei mākou i nā magnet kiʻekiʻe hou e hana i nā mea fusion liʻiliʻi me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano physics like me nā papahana aupuni nui. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, hana pū ʻo CFS me MIT i kahi papahana hui pū, e hoʻomaka ana me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā magnet hou."
Hoʻohana ka hāmeʻa SPARC i nā kahua magnetic ikaika e hoʻopaʻa i ka plasma wela - kahi supo kinoea o nā ʻāpana subatomic - e pale aku iā ia mai ka hoʻopili ʻana me kekahi ʻāpana o ke keʻena vacuum i ke ʻano donut.
"ʻO ka pilikia nui ka hana ʻana i kahi plasma ma nā kūlana no ka fusion e hana ʻia i mea e hoʻopuka ai i ka mana ma mua o ka mea e hoʻopau ai," wahi a Mumgaard. "Hili nui kēia i kahi kahua o ka physics i ʻike ʻia ʻo ka physics plasma."
Ua hoʻolālā ʻia kēia hoʻokolohua liʻiliʻi e hana ma kahi o 100MW o ka wela i loko o nā pulse he ʻumi kekona, ʻo ia ka nui o ka mana e like me ka mea i hoʻohana ʻia e ke kūlanakauhale liʻiliʻi. Akā, ʻoiai he hoʻokolohua ʻo SPARC, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻokomo i nā ʻōnaehana e hoʻohuli i ka mana fusion i uila.
Manaʻo nā kānaka ʻepekema ma MIT e ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mana i hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻomehana i ka plasma ma mua o ka pālua o ka mana, a laila e hoʻokō i ka pae loea hope loa: ka ikehu maikaʻi mai ka fusion.
"Hana ʻia ka Fusion i loko o kahi plasma i paʻa a hoʻokaʻawale ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kahua magnetic," wahi a Mumgaard. "Ua like kēia me kahi ʻōmole magnetic. Pili loa ka ikaika o ke kahua magnetic i ka hiki o ka ʻōmole magnetic ke hoʻokaʻawale i ka plasma i hiki ai iā ia ke hiki i nā kūlana fusion.
"No laila, inā hiki iā mākou ke hana i nā magnet ikaika, hiki iā mākou ke hana i nā plasma e hiki ke wela a mānoanoa me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mana liʻiliʻi e hoʻomau iā ia. A me nā plasma maikaʻi aʻe, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻolilo i nā mea hana i liʻiliʻi a ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ke kūkulu ʻana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana."
"Me nā superconductors wela kiʻekiʻe, loaʻa iā mākou kahi mea hana hou e hana i nā kahua magnetic ikaika loa, a no laila ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a me nā ʻōmole magnetic liʻiliʻi. Manaʻo mākou e wikiwiki kēia iā mākou i ka fusion."
Ke kuhikuhi nei ʻo Mumgaard i kahi hanauna hou o nā electromagnets superconducting nui-bore i loaʻa ka hiki ke hana i kahi kahua magnetic i ʻelua manawa ka ikaika ma mua o ka mea i hoʻohana ʻia ma kekahi hoʻokolohua fusion e kū nei, e hiki ai ke hoʻonui ʻia ma mua o ʻumi manawa o ka mana no kēlā me kēia nui.
Hana ʻia mai ka lipine kila i uhi ʻia me kahi hui i kapa ʻia ʻo yttrium-barium-copper oxide (YBCO), e hiki i nā magnet superconducting hou ke hiki iā SPARC ke hana i kahi mana fusion e pili ana i ka hapaʻelima o ka ITER akā i loko o kahi hāmeʻa he 1/65 wale nō ka nui.
Ma ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka nui, ke kumukūʻai, ka manawa a me ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻonohonoho e pono ai ke kūkulu i nā mea ikehu fusion upena, e hiki nō hoʻi i nā magnet YBCO ke kōkua i nā ʻano hoʻonaʻauao a me nā ʻoihana hou, i ka ikehu fusion.
"ʻO SPARC lāua ʻo ITER he mau tokamaks ʻelua, kahi ʻano ʻōmole magnetic kikoʻī e pili ana i ka ʻepekema kumu nui o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka physics plasma i nā makahiki he ʻumi," wahi a Mumgaard.
"E hoʻohana ana ʻo SPARC i ka hanauna hou o nā magnet superconductor wela kiʻekiʻe (HTS) e ʻae ana i kahi kahua magnetic kiʻekiʻe loa, e hāʻawi ana i ka hana fusion i kuhikuhi ʻia ma ka liʻiliʻi."
"Ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei mākou he mea nui kēia no ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka fusion ma kahi manawa kūpono e pili ana i ke aniau a me kahi huahana hoihoi i ka hoʻokele waiwai."
Ma ke kumuhana o nā manawa a me ke ola kūpono o ke kālepa, ʻo SPARC kahi ulu ʻana o kahi hoʻolālā tokamak i aʻo ʻia a hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia no nā makahiki he ʻumi, me ka hana ma MIT i hoʻomaka i ka makahiki 1970.
ʻO ka pahuhopu o ka hoʻokolohua SPARC e hoʻomākaukau i ke ala no ka hale hana mana fusion mua loa o ka honua me ka mana o kahi 200MW o ka uila, e like me ka hapa nui o nā hale hana mana uila kalepa.
ʻOiai ke kānalua nui ʻia e pili ana i ka mana fusion - loaʻa iā Eni ka hihiʻo e hiki mai ana e lilo i hui aila honua mua e hoʻopukapuka nui i loko - manaʻoʻiʻo ka poʻe kākoʻo e hiki i ke ʻano hana ke hoʻokō i kahi hapa nui o nā pono ikehu e ulu ana o ka honua, ʻoiai i ka manawa like e hōʻemi ana i nā hoʻokuʻu kinoea ʻōmaʻomaʻo.
ʻO ka unahi liʻiliʻi i hiki i nā magnet superconducting hou e hiki ai ke hana i kahi ala wikiwiki a maʻalahi hoʻi i ka uila mai ka ikehu fusion ma ka grid.
Ua manaʻo ʻo Eni he $3 biliona ke kumukūʻai e hoʻomohala i kahi reactor fusion 200MW ma ka makahiki 2033. ʻO ka papahana ITER, kahi hana like ma waena o ʻEulopa, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, Kina, India, Iapana, Rusia a me Kōlea Hema, ua ʻoi aku ma mua o ka hapalua o kāna pahuhopu o kahi hoʻāʻo plasma mua i hoʻomehana nui ʻia ma ka makahiki 2025 a me ka fusion mana piha mua ma ka makahiki 2035, a he kālā ma kahi o €20 biliona. E like me SPARC, ua hoʻolālā ʻia ʻo ITER ʻaʻole e hana i ka uila.
No laila, me ka neʻe ʻana o ka pūnaewele US mai nā mea kanu mana lanahu a fission paha 2GW-3GW monolithic i nā mea ma ka pae 100MW-500MW, hiki i ka mana fusion ke hoʻokūkū ma kahi mākeke paʻakikī - a, inā pēlā, i ka manawa hea?
"Aia nō ka noiʻi e hana ʻia, akā ua ʻike ʻia nā pilikia, ke kuhikuhi nei ka hana hou i ke ala e hoʻolalelale ai i nā mea, ke lawe mai nei nā mea pāʻani hou e like me CFS i kahi kālele kalepa i nā pilikia a ua oʻo ka ʻepekema kumu," wahi a Mumgaard.
"Ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei mākou ua kokoke aku ka fusion ma mua o ka manaʻo o ka poʻe he nui. E noho mālie." jQuery(document).ready(function() { /* Companies carousel */ jQuery('.carousel').slick({ dots: true, infinite: true, speed: 300, lazyLoad: 'ondemand', slidesToShow: 1, slidesToScroll: 1, adaptiveHeight: true }); });
ʻO DAMM Cellular Systems A/S kekahi o nā alakaʻi honua i nā ʻōnaehana kamaʻilio Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA) hilinaʻi, paʻa a maʻalahi hoʻi e hoʻonui a hoʻonui ʻia hoʻi a me nā ʻōnaehana kamaʻilio lekiō kelepona kikohoʻe (DMR) no nā mea kūʻai aku palekana ʻoihana, kalepa a me ka lehulehu.
Hāʻawi ʻo DAMM TetraFlex Dispatcher i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka pono i nā hui, e hana ana i kahi ʻauwaʻa o nā mea kākau inoa e pono ai ke kauoha, ka kaohi a me ka nānā ʻana i nā kamaʻilio lekiō.
Hāʻawi ka ʻōnaehana DAMM TetraFlex Voice and Data Log i nā hana hoʻopaʻa leo a me ka ʻikepili piha a pololei, a me kahi ākea o nā pono hana hoʻopaʻa inoa CDR.
He ʻoihana kūkākūkā ʻo Green Tape Solutions ma Australia, loea i nā loiloi kaiapuni, nā ʻāpono a me ka loiloi ʻana, a me nā anamanaʻo kaiaola.
Ke ʻimi nei ʻoe e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana a me ka hilinaʻi o kāu hale hana mana, makemake ʻoe i ka ʻike simulation kūpono e hiki ai iā ʻoe ma laila. Loaʻa i kekahi hui ka hoʻolaʻa ʻana e hana i nā simulators hale hana mana maoli e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i loaʻa i kāu poʻe limahana ka ʻike e pono ai e hoʻokele palekana a me ka pono i kāu hale hana mana.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Dec-18-2019