Siwasebenzisa ukuze sikunikeze umuzwa ongcono kakhulu. Uma uqhubeka nokusebenzisa iwebhusayithi yethu, sizothatha ngokuthi ujabulile ukuthola wonke amakhukhi kule webhusayithi.
Inkampani kawoyela yase-Italy i-Eni itshala imali eyizigidi ezingu-50 zamaRandi ku-Commonwealth Fusion Systems, i-MIT spinout ebambisana nesikhungo ekuthuthukiseni omagnethi abakhulu ukuze kukhiqizwe amandla e-zero-carbon ekuhlolweni kwamandla okuhlanganisa okubizwa ngokuthi i-SPARC. UJulian Turner uthola ukwehla ku-CEO uRobert Mumgaard.
Ekujuleni kwamahholo angcwele e-Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) kukhona uguquko lwamandla olwenzekayo. Ngemuva kwamashumi eminyaka enqubekelaphambili, ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi amandla e-fusion asekulungele ukubiza usuku lwawo nokuthi amandla angcwele angenamkhawulo, angashi, amandla ekhabhoni eyiziro angase afinyeleleke.
Umdondoshiya wase-Italy u-Eni wabelana ngaleli themba, utshala ama-euro ayizigidi ezingu-50 (ama-dollar ayizigidi ezingu-62) kuphrojekthi yokusebenzisana ne-MIT's Plasma Fusion and Science Center (PSFC) kanye nenkampani ezimele i-Commonwealth Fusion Systems (CFS), okuhloswe ngayo ukusheshisa ukuhlanganisa amandla egridi eminyakeni eyi-15 nje.
Ukulawula ukuhlangana, inqubo enika ilanga nezinkanyezi amandla, kumiswe inkinga endala: kuyilapho umkhuba ukhipha isamba esikhulu samandla, ungenziwa kuphela emazingeni okushisa adlulele ezigidi zamadigri Celsius, kushisa kakhulu kunenkaba yelanga, futhi kushisa kakhulu ukuba kubekezelelwe noma iyiphi into eqinile.
Njengomphumela wenselelo yokuvalelwa kwezibaseli ezihlanganisiwe kulezi zimo ezimbi kakhulu, ukuhlolwa kwamandla okuhlanganisa, kuze kube manje, kusebenze ngokushodayo, okukhiqiza amandla amancane kunalawo adingekayo ukuze kugcinwe ukusabela kokuhlangana, futhi ngenxa yalokho azikwazi ukukhiqiza ugesi wegridi.
“Ucwaningo lwe-Fusion luye lwacutshungulwa kabanzi emashumini ambalwa eminyaka adlule, okubangele intuthuko ekuqondeni okungokwesayensi nobuchwepheshe bokusebenzisa amandla okuhlanganisa,” kusho isikhulu seCFS uRobert Mumgaard.
"I-CFS ihweba nge-fusion isebenzisa indlela ye-high-field, lapho sakha khona omazibuthe abasha abasezingeni eliphezulu ukuze senze izinto ezincane zokuhlanganisa zisebenzisa indlela efanayo ye-physics njengezinhlelo ezinkulu zikahulumeni. Ukuze yenze lokhu, i-CFS isebenza eduze ne-MIT kuphrojekthi yokubambisana, iqala ngokwakha omazibuthe abasha."
Idivayisi ye-SPARC isebenzisa izizibuthe ezinamandla ukuze ibambe i-plasma eshisayo - isobho elinegesi lezinhlayiya ze-subatomic - ukuze ivimbele ukuthi ihlangane nanoma iyiphi ingxenye yegumbi le-vacuum elimise okwe-donut.
“Inselelo enkulu iwukwenza i-plasma ezimeni ukuze kuhlanganiswe ukuze ikhiqize amandla angaphezu kwalawo awasebenzisayo,” kuchaza uMumgaard. "Lokhu kuncike kakhulu endaweni engaphansi yefiziksi eyaziwa ngokuthi i-plasma physics."
Lokhu kuhlolwa okuhlangene kuklanyelwe ukukhiqiza ukushisa okungaba ngu-100MW kuma-pulses wemizuzwana eyishumi, amandla amaningi njengoba asetshenziswa idolobha elincane. Kodwa, njengoba i-SPARC iwukuhlola, ngeke ifake amasistimu okushintsha amandla okuhlanganisa abe ugesi.
Ososayensi kwa-MIT balindele ukuthi umphumela ube ngaphezu kokuphindwe kabili kwamandla asetshenziselwa ukushisa i-plasma, ekugcineni uzuze ingqopha-mlando yobuchwepheshe: amandla aphelele avela ku-fusion.
"Ukuhlangana kwenzeka ngaphakathi kwe-plasma egcinwe endaweni futhi ivalwe kusetshenziswa amandla kazibuthe," kusho uMumgaard. “Lokhu kufana nebhodlela kazibuthe.
Ngakho-ke, uma singenza omazibuthe abanamandla singenza ama-plasma angashisa kakhulu futhi aminyene sisebenzisa amandla amancane ukuze aqhubeke. Futhi ngama-plasma angcono singenza amathuluzi abe mancane futhi alawuleke kalula ukuze akhe futhi athuthuke.
"Ngama-superconductors asezingeni eliphezulu, sinethuluzi elisha lokwenza izizibuthe ezinamandla kakhulu, kanjalo namabhodlela kazibuthe angcono futhi amancane. Sikholelwa ukuthi lokhu kuzosenza sihlanganise ngokushesha."
I-Mumgaard ibhekisela esizukulwaneni esisha sozibuthe abakhulu abakhiqiza amandla amakhulu anamandla okukhiqiza inkambu kazibuthe enamandla ngokuphindwe kabili kunaleyo esetshenziswe kunoma yikuphi ukuhlolwa okukhona kokuhlanganisa, okuvumela ukwanda okuphindwe kashumi kwamandla ngosayizi ngamunye.
Enziwe ngeteyiphu yensimbi ehlanganiswe nenhlanganisela ebizwa ngokuthi i-yttrium-barium-copper oxide (YBCO), omazibuthe abasha be-superconducting bazokwenza i-SPARC ikwazi ukukhiqiza amandla ahlanganisiwe acishe abe ingxenye yesihlanu ye-ITER kodwa esisetshenziswa esicishe sibe ngu-1/65 wevolumu.
Ngokunciphisa usayizi, izindleko, umugqa wesikhathi kanye nobunkimbinkimbi benhlangano obudingekayo ukuze kwakhiwe imishini yamandla enhlanganisela inetha, omagnethi be-YBCO bazophinda banike amandla izindlela ezintsha zemfundo nezokuhweba, ukuze kuhlanganiswe amandla.
"I-SPARC kanye ne-ITER kokubili ama-tokamak, uhlobo oluthile lwebhodlela kazibuthe elisekelwe kwisayensi eyisisekelo ebanzi yokuthuthukiswa kwe-plasma physics phakathi namashumi eminyaka," kucacisa uMumgaard.
“I-SPARC izosebenzisa isizukulwane esilandelayo samamagnethi we-high-temperature superconductor (HTS) avumela inkambu kazibuthe ephakeme kakhulu, enikeza ukusebenza kwe-fusion okuhlosiwe ngosayizi omncane kakhulu.
"Sikholwa ukuthi lokhu kuzoba yingxenye ebalulekile yokufeza ukuhlangana kwesikali sesikhathi esihambisana nesimo sezulu kanye nomkhiqizo okhangayo kwezomnotho."
Mayelana nezilinganiso zezikhathi nokusebenza kwezohwebo, i-SPARC iwukuvela komklamo we-tokamak ofundwe futhi wacwengwa amashumi eminyaka, okuhlanganisa nomsebenzi e-MIT owaqala ngawo-1970s.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-SPARC kuhlose ukuhlahla indlela yesikhungo sokuqala samandla kagesi ahlanganisiwe esinamandla acishe abe ngu-200MW kagesi, uma kuqhathaniswa nezimboni eziningi zamandla kagesi ezithengiswayo.
Naphezu kokungabaza okusabalele mayelana namandla e-fusion - u-Eni unombono obheke phambili wokuba inkampani yokuqala kawoyela emhlabeni wonke ukutshala imali eningi kuyo - abameli bakholelwa ukuthi le nqubo ingase ihlangabezane nengxenye enkulu yezidingo zamandla ezikhulayo emhlabeni, kuyilapho ngesikhathi esifanayo inciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa.
Isilinganiso esincane esinikwe amandla omazibuthe abasha abakhuluphele kakhulu sivumela indlela esheshayo, eshibhile eya kugesi kusukela kumandla okuhlanganisa kugridi.
I-Eni ilinganisela ukuthi kuzobiza u-$3bn ukuthuthukisa i-fusion reactor engu-200MW ngo-2033. Iphrojekthi ye-ITER, ukubambisana phakathi kwe-Europe, i-US, i-China, i-India, i-Japan, i-Russia ne-South Korea, ingaphezu kwesigamu ekuhlosweni kwayo kokuhlolwa kokuqala kwe-plasma eshisa kakhulu ngo-2025 kanye nokuhlanganisa amandla aphelele okuqala ngo-2035 €, futhi inesabelomali se-2035 €. Njenge-SPRC, i-ITER yakhelwe ukuthi ingakhiqizi ugesi.
Ngakho-ke, njengoba igridi yase-US isuka ku-monolithic 2GW-3GW yamalahle noma izitshalo zamandla e-fission iye kulezo ezisebangeni lika-100MW-500MW, amandla okuhlanganisa angaqhudelana endaweni yemakethe enzima - futhi, uma kunjalo, nini?
“Kusenocwaningo okufanele lwenziwe, kodwa izinselele ziyaziwa, ukusungulwa okusha kukhomba indlela yokusheshisa izinto, abadlali abasha abafana neCFS balethe ukugxila kwezohwebo ezinkingeni futhi isayensi eyisisekelo ivuthiwe,” kusho uMumgaard.
"Sikholelwa ukuthi ukuhlangana kusondele kunalokho abantu abaningi abakucabangayo. Hlala ubukele." jQuery( idokhumenti ).ready(function() {/* I-carousel yezinkampani */ jQuery('.carousel').slick({ amachashazi: iqiniso, okungapheli: iqiniso, isivinini: 300, lazyLoad: 'odemand', slidesToShow: 1, slidesToScroll: :1, adaptive);
I-DAMM Cellular Systems A/S ingomunye wabaholi bomhlaba ezinhlelweni zokuxhumana ezinokwethenjelwa, ezimazombezombe futhi ezihlaseleka kalula ze-Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA) kanye ne-digital mobile radio (DMR) kumakhasimende ezimboni, ezentengiselwano kanye nokuphepha komphakathi.
I-DAMM TetraFlex Dispatcher inikeza ukusebenza kahle okwandisiwe ezinhlanganweni, isebenzisa inqwaba yababhalisile abadinga umyalo, ukulawula nokuqapha kwezokuxhumana ngomsakazo.
I-DAMM TetraFlex Voice and Data Log System inikeza imisebenzi yokuqopha izwi nedatha ephelele nenembile, kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezindawo zokugawula ze-CDR.
IGreen Tape Solutions ingumxhumanisi wase-Australia, ogxile ekuhloleni indawo ezungezile, ukugunyazwa nokuhlolwa kwamabhuku, kanye nezinhlolovo zemvelo.
Uma ubheke ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza nokuthembeka kwesitshalo sakho samandla, uzofuna ukuzizwisa okufanelekile kokulingisa ukuze kukufikise lapho. Enye inkampani izinikele ekukhiqizeni izifanisi zemishini yamandla yangempela eziqinisekisa ukuthi abasebenzi bakho banolwazi oludingekayo ukuze usebenzise isikhungo sakho samandla ngokuphepha nangempumelelo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-18-2019