Ka whakamahia e mātou ēnei hei hoatu i te wheako pai rawa atu ki a koe. Ki te whakamahi tonu koe i tā mātou paetukutuku, ka whakaaro mātou e pai ana koe ki te whiwhi i ngā pihikete katoa i runga i tēnei paetukutuku.
Kei te haumi te kamupene hinu Itari a Eni i te $50 miriona ki Commonwealth Fusion Systems, he kamupene matua nō MIT e mahi tahi ana me te whare wānanga ki te whakawhanake i ngā aukume superconducting hei whakaputa i te pūngao waro-kore i roto i tētahi whakamātautau mana hanumi e kiia nei ko SPARC. Ka whiwhi a Julian Turner i ngā kōrero a te Tumu Whakarae, a Robert Mumgaard.
I roto i ngā whare tapu o te Whare Wānanga Hangarau o Massachusetts (MIT) kei te haere tonu tētahi hurihanga pūngao. Whai muri i ngā tekau tau o te ahunga whakamua, e whakapono ana ngā kaipūtaiao kua rite te mana hanumi ki te kī i tōna rā, ā, tera pea ka taea te whakatutuki i te kapu tapu o te pūngao mutunga kore, kore mura, kore-waro.
E tautoko ana a Eni, te kamupene hiko nui o Itari, i tēnei tumanako, mā te haumi i te €50m ($62m) ki tētahi kaupapa mahi tahi me te Plasma Fusion and Science Center (PSFC) a MIT me te kamupene tūmataiti Commonwealth Fusion Systems (CFS), e whai ana kia tere ake te tuku i te hiko hanumi ki te whatunga hiko i roto i te 15 tau noa iho.
Ko te whakahaere i te hanumi, te tukanga e whakakaha ana i te rā me ngā whetū, kua whakaroahia e te raruraru tawhito: ahakoa he nui te pūngao e tukuna ana e te mahi, ka taea anake te mahi i ngā pāmahana tino nui o ngā miriona nekehanga Celsius, he wera ake i te pokapū o te rā, ā, he wera rawa hoki mō tētahi rauemi totoka.
Nā te wero o te herenga o ngā wahie hanumi i roto i ēnei āhuatanga tino kino, tae noa mai ki tēnei wā, kua iti haere te kaha o ngā whakamātautau mana hanumi, ā, he iti iho te kaha e whakaputaina ana i te mea e hiahiatia ana hei pupuri i ngā tauhohenga hanumi, nō reira kāore e taea te whakaputa hiko mō te whatunga hiko.
"Kua tino rangahauhia te rangahau hanumi i ngā tekau tau kua pahure ake nei, ā, kua hua ake ngā whanaketanga o te māramatanga pūtaiao me ngā hangarau mō te mana hanumi," te kī a te Tumu Whakarae o CFS, a Robert Mumgaard.
"Kei te hokohoko a CFS i te hanumi mā te whakamahi i te huarahi mara-teitei, e whakawhanake ana mātou i ngā aukume mara-teitei hou hei hanga i ngā taputapu hanumi iti ake mā te whakamahi i te huarahi ahupūngao rite tonu ki ngā kaupapa kāwanatanga nui ake. Hei whakatutuki i tēnei, ka mahi tahi a CFS me MIT i roto i tētahi kaupapa mahi tahi, ka tīmata ki te whakawhanake i ngā aukume hou."
Ka whakamahia e te taputapu SPARC ngā papa aukume kaha hei pupuri i te plasma wera – he hupa hau o ngā matūriki iti-atomic – kia kore ai e pā atu ki tētahi wāhanga o te rūma korehau āhua tōnati.
"Ko te wero matua ko te waihanga i tētahi plasma i ngā āhuatanga e puta ai te hanumitanga kia nui ake ai te mana e whakaputaina ana i tana e pau ana," te whakamārama a Mumgaard. "E whakawhirinaki nui ana tēnei ki tētahi wāhanga iti o te ahupūngao e mōhiotia ana ko te ahupūngao plasma."
Kua hangaia tēnei whakamātautau kiato hei whakaputa i te 100MW o te wera i roto i ngā pātī tekau-hekona, he rite te nui o te hiko e whakamahia ana e tētahi tāone iti. Engari, i te mea he whakamātautau a SPARC, kāore e uru atu ngā pūnaha hei huri i te hiko hanumi hei hiko.
E matapaetia ana e ngā kaipūtaiao o MIT ka nui ake i te rua te kaha o te wera o te plasma, ā, ka tutuki i tēnei te taumata hangarau whakamutunga: te kaha pai mai i te hanumi.
"Ka puta te hanumitanga i roto i te plasma e puritia ana, e whakamahanatia ana mā te whakamahi i ngā papa aukume," te kī a Mumgaard. "He rite tēnei ki tētahi pounamu aukume. He tino hononga te kaha o te papa aukume ki te kaha o te pounamu aukume ki te whakamahana i te plasma kia taea ai e ia te eke ki ngā āhuatanga hanumitanga."
"Nō reira, ki te taea e tātou te hanga i ngā aukume kaha, ka taea e tātou te hanga i ngā plasma ka taea te wera ake, te kikī ake hoki mā te whakamahi i te iti o te mana hei pupuri. Ā, mā ngā plasma pai ake, ka taea e tātou te whakaiti ake i ngā taputapu, ā, he ngāwari ake te hanga me te whakawhanake."
"Mā ngā superconductors pāmahana-tiketike, he taputapu hou tā mātou hei hanga i ngā papa aukume kaha-tiketike, ā, nō reira, he pai ake, he iti ake hoki ngā pounamu aukume. E whakapono ana mātou mā tēnei ka tere ake tā mātou mahi hanumi."
Kei te kōrero a Mumgaard mō tētahi whakatupuranga hou o ngā aukume hiko nui-pūngao e kaha ana ki te whakaputa i tētahi papa aukume e rua te kaha ake i tērā e whakamahia ana i roto i tētahi whakamātautau hanumi o nāianei, e āhei ai te pikinga ake i te mana neke atu i te tekau ngā wā mō ia rahi.
He mea hanga mai i te rīpene maitai kua pania ki tētahi matū e kiia nei ko te yttrium-barium-copper oxide (YBCO), mā ngā aukume superconducting hou ka taea e te SPARC te whakaputa i te putanga mana hanumi tata ki te haurima o te ITER engari i roto i tētahi taputapu he 1/65 noa iho te rōrahi.
Mā te whakaiti i te rahi, te utu, te wātaka me te uauatanga o te whakahaere e hiahiatia ana hei hanga i ngā taputapu hiko hanumi kupenga, ka taea hoki e ngā aukume YBCO ngā huarahi mātauranga me ngā huarahi arumoni hou ki te hiko hanumi.
"He tokamaks te SPARC me te ITER, he momo pounamu aukume motuhake i ahu mai i te pūtaiao taketake whānui o te whanaketanga ahupūngao plasma i roto i ngā tekau tau," te whakamārama a Mumgaard.
"Ka whakamahia e te SPARC te whakatupuranga hou o ngā aukume hiko wera-teitei (HTS) e āhei ai te hanga i tētahi papa aukume teitei ake, ka puta ai te mahi hanumi kua whakaritea i te rahi iti ake."
"E whakapono ana mātou he wāhanga matua tēnei mō te whakatutuki i te hanumitanga i runga i te wā e pā ana ki te āhuarangi, ā, he hua e ātaahua ana ki te taha ōhanga."
Mō ngā wā me te whai huatanga arumoni, he whanaketanga a SPARC nō tētahi hoahoa tokamak kua akohia, kua whakatikatikaina hoki mō ngā tekau tau, tae atu ki ngā mahi i MIT i tīmata i te tekau tau 1970.
Ko te whāinga o te whakamātautau SPARC he whakatakoto i te ara mō te whare hiko hanumi tuatahi o te ao me te kaha o te 200MW o te hiko, he rite ki te nuinga o ngā tipu hiko arumoni.
Ahakoa te whānui o te whakahē mō te mana hanumi – kei a Eni te tirohanga whakamua kia noho ko ia te kamupene hinu tuatahi o te ao ki te haumi nui ki roto – e whakapono ana ngā kaitautoko ka taea e te tikanga te whakatutuki i tētahi wāhanga nui o ngā hiahia pūngao e tipu haere ana o te ao, me te whakaiti i ngā tukunga hau kati kōtuhi.
Mā te iti o te tauine e taea ana e ngā aukume superconducting hou ka taea pea te ara tere ake, iti ake te utu ki te hiko mai i te pūngao hanumi i runga i te whatunga hiko.
E ai ki ngā whakatau tata a Eni, e $3 piriona te utu hei whakawhanake i tētahi tauhohenga hanumi 200MW i te tau 2033. Ko te kaupapa ITER, he mahi tahi i waenganui i a Ūropi, te US, Haina, Īnia, Hapani, Rūhia me Kōrea ki te Tonga, kua tata ki te haurua o tana whāinga kia puta he whakamātautau plasma wera-rahi tuatahi i te tau 2025 me te hanumi mana-katoa tuatahi i te tau 2035, ā, he tata ki te €20 piriona te tahua. Pērā i a SPARC, kua hangaia a ITER kia kaua e whakaputa hiko.
Nā, i te mea ka neke atu te whatunga hiko o Amerika mai i ngā tipu hiko waro, hiko wehenga rānei 2GW-3GW kotahi ki ngā tipu hiko kei roto i te awhe 100MW-500MW, ka taea e te hiko hanumi te whakataetae i roto i tētahi mākete uaua - ā, ki te pērā, āhea?
"Kei te haere tonu ngā rangahau hei mahi, engari e mōhiotia ana ngā wero, kei te tohu ngā mahi auaha hou i te huarahi hei whakatere i ngā mea, kei te arotahi ngā kaitākaro hou pēnei i a CFS ki ngā raruraru me te arotahi arumoni, ā, kua pakari te pūtaiao taketake," te kī a Mumgaard.
"E whakapono ana mātou he tata ake te whakakotahitanga i tā te nuinga o te tangata e whakaaro nei. Kia mataara tonu." jQuery( tuhinga ).ready(function() { /* Kamupene carousel */ jQuery('.carousel').slick({ ira: pono, mutunga kore: pono, tere: 300, lazyLoad: 'ondemand', slidesToShow: 1, slidesToScroll: 1, adaptiveHeight: pono }); });
Ko DAMM Cellular Systems A/S tētahi o ngā kaiārahi o te ao i roto i ngā pūnaha whakawhitiwhiti kōrero Te Reo Irirangi Whenua (TETRA) me te reo irirangi pūkoro mamati (DMR) pono, pakari, me te ngāwari ki te whakarahi ake, mō ngā kiritaki ahumahi, arumoni me te haumaru tūmatanui.
Ka whakapiki ake a DAMM TetraFlex Dispatcher i te whai huatanga o ngā whakahaere, mā te whakahaere i tētahi kahui ohauru e hiahia ana ki te whakahaere, te whakahaere me te aroturuki i ngā whakawhitiwhitinga reo irirangi.
Ka tukuna e te Pūnaha Takiuru Reo me te Raraunga DAMM TetraFlex ngā mahi tuhi reo me ngā raraunga matawhānui, tika hoki, me te whānuitanga o ngā whakaurunga takiuru CDR.
He kamupene umanga tohutohu a Green Tape Solutions nō Ahitereiria, e tohunga ana ki ngā aromatawai taiao, ngā whakaaetanga me ngā arotake, tae atu ki ngā rangahau taiao.
Ina hiahia koe ki te whakapai ake i te mahi me te pono o tō tipu hiko, me whai wheako whakatauira tika koe hei ārahi i a koe ki reira. Kotahi te kamupene e whakapau kaha ana ki te whakaputa i ngā whakatauira tipu hiko tūturu hei whakarite kia whiwhi ō kaimahi i te mātauranga e hiahiatia ana hei whakahaere haumaru me te whai hua i tō tipu hiko.
Te wā tuku: Hakihea-18-2019