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Kampani yamafuta yaku Italy Eni ikuyika ndalama zokwana $50m ku Commonwealth Fusion Systems, MIT spinout yomwe ikugwirizana ndi bungwe lopanga maginito apamwamba kwambiri kuti apange mphamvu ya zero-carbon pakuyesa mphamvu yophatikizira yotchedwa SPARC. Julian Turner alandila kutsika kwa CEO Robert Mumgaard.
Mkati mwa maholo opatulika a Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) kusintha kwa mphamvu kukuchitika. Pambuyo pakupita patsogolo kwazaka zambiri, asayansi akukhulupirira kuti mphamvu ya fusion yakonzeka kuti itenge tsiku lake komanso kuti mphamvu zopanda malire, zopanda kuyaka, mphamvu za kaboni ziro zitha kupezeka.
Chimphona champhamvu cha ku Italy Eni amagawana chiyembekezochi, akuyika ndalama zokwana € 50m ($ 62m) mu projekiti yogwirizana ndi MIT's Plasma Fusion and Science Center (PSFC) ndi kampani yabizinesi ya Commonwealth Fusion Systems (CFS), yomwe ikufuna kuthamangitsa magetsi ophatikizika pagululi pazaka 15 zokha.
Kuwongolera kuphatikizika, njira yomwe imathandizira dzuŵa ndi nyenyezi, imayimitsidwa ndi vuto lakale: pamene mchitidwewo umatulutsa mphamvu zambiri, ukhoza kuchitidwa kokha pa kutentha kwakukulu kwa mamiliyoni a madigiri Celsius, kutentha kwambiri kuposa pakati pa dzuŵa, ndi kutentha kwambiri kuti chinthu chilichonse cholimba chitha kupirira.
Chifukwa cha vuto la kutsekeredwa kwamafuta ophatikizika m'mikhalidwe yovutayi, kuyesa kwamagetsi ophatikizika, mpaka pano, kukuyenda pang'onopang'ono, kutulutsa mphamvu zochepa kuposa zomwe zimafunikira kuti zithandizire kusakanikirana, motero akulephera kupanga magetsi a gridi.
“Kufufuza kophatikizana kwaphunziridwa mozama m’zaka makumi angapo zapitazi, zomwe zachititsa kupita patsogolo kwa kamvedwe ka sayansi ndi matekinoloje a mphamvu ya kuphatikizika,” akutero Mkulu wa CFS Robert Mumgaard.
"CFS ikugulitsa maphatikizidwe pogwiritsa ntchito njira yapamwamba, pamene tikupanga maginito atsopano apamwamba kuti apange zipangizo zosakanikirana zing'onozing'ono pogwiritsa ntchito njira yofanana ya fiziki monga mapulogalamu akuluakulu a boma. Kuti achite izi, CFS imagwira ntchito limodzi ndi MIT mu ntchito yogwirizana, kuyambira ndi kupanga maginito atsopano."
Chipangizo cha SPARC chimagwiritsa ntchito maginito amphamvu kuti agwire plasma yotentha - supu ya gaseous ya tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timapanga tinthu tating'onoting'ono - kuti tipewe kukhudzana ndi gawo lililonse la chipinda cha vacuum chooneka ngati donut.
"Vuto lalikulu ndikupanga plasma pamikhalidwe yoti fusion ichitike kuti ipange mphamvu yochulukirapo kuposa momwe imawonongera," akufotokoza Mumgaard. "Izi zimadalira kwambiri gawo laling'ono la physics lotchedwa plasma physics."
Kuyesera kophatikizikaku kudapangidwa kuti kupangitse kutentha kwa 100MW mu masekondi khumi, mphamvu yochulukirapo yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mzinda wawung'ono. Koma, monga SPARC ndikuyesa, sikungaphatikizepo machitidwe osinthira mphamvu yophatikizira kukhala magetsi.
Asayansi ku MIT amayembekeza kuti zotulutsa zitha kuwirikiza kawiri mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutenthetsa madzi a m'magazi, pomaliza kukwaniritsa cholinga chachikulu chaukadaulo: mphamvu yabwino yochokera ku fusion.
"Kuphatikizika kumachitika mkati mwa madzi a m'magazi omwe amasungidwa m'malo mwake ndikutetezedwa ndi maginito," akutero Mumgaard. Kulimba kwa mphamvu ya maginito kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi mphamvu ya botolo la maginito yotsekera madzi a m'magazi kuti azitha kusakanikirana.
“Chotero, ngati titha kupanga maginito amphamvu titha kupanga madzi a m’magazi omwe amatha kutentha kwambiri komanso kuonda pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa kuti apitilize kukhalapo.” Ndipo ndi madzi a m’magazi abwinoko tikhoza kupanga zipangizozi kukhala zazing’ono komanso zotha kuzipanga bwino.
"Ndi ma superconductors otentha kwambiri, tili ndi chida chatsopano chopangira maginito amphamvu kwambiri, motero timabotolo tating'onoting'ono ta maginito.
Mumgaard akunena za m'badwo watsopano wa ma electromagnets akuluakulu omwe amatha kupanga mphamvu yamagetsi yowirikiza kawiri kuposa yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa fusion iliyonse yomwe ilipo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu zowonjezera ziwonjezeke kakhumi pa kukula kwake.
Wopangidwa kuchokera ku tepi yachitsulo yokutidwa ndi pawiri yotchedwa yttrium-barium-copper oxide (YBCO), maginito atsopano a superconducting athandiza SPARC kupanga mphamvu yophatikizira pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo asanu a ITER koma mu chipangizo chomwe chili pafupifupi 1/65 voliyumu.
Pochepetsa kukula, mtengo, nthawi komanso zovuta zamagulu zomwe zimafunikira kuti apange zida zamagetsi zophatikizika, maginito a YBCO athandiziranso njira zatsopano zamaphunziro ndi zamalonda, kuphatikizira mphamvu.
"SPARC ndi ITER onse ndi tokamaks, mtundu wina wa botolo la maginito lozikidwa pa sayansi yowonjezereka ya chitukuko cha plasma physics kwa zaka zambiri," akufotokoza Mumgaard.
"SPARC idzagwiritsa ntchito maginito am'badwo wotsatira wa maginito apamwamba kwambiri (HTS) omwe amalola kuti pakhale mphamvu ya maginito yokwera kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti maginito azitha kugwira ntchito pang'onopang'ono.
"Tikukhulupirira kuti ichi chikhala gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakukwaniritsa kusakanikirana kwanthawi yogwirizana ndi nyengo komanso chinthu chokongola pazachuma."
Pankhani yanthawi komanso kuthekera kwamalonda, SPARC ndikusinthika kwamapangidwe a tokamak omwe adaphunziridwa ndikuyeretsedwa kwazaka zambiri, kuphatikiza ntchito ku MIT yomwe idayamba m'ma 1970.
Kuyesera kwa PARC cholinga chake ndi kukonza njira yopangira magetsi oyamba padziko lonse lapansi okhala ndi mphamvu yofikira 200MW yamagetsi, kuyerekeza ndi mafakitale ambiri opanga magetsi amagetsi.
Ngakhale pali kukayikira kwakukulu kokhudza mphamvu ya kuphatikizika - Eni ali ndi masomphenya amtsogolo kuti akhale kampani yoyamba yamafuta padziko lonse lapansi kuyika ndalama zambiri momwemo - olimbikitsa amakhulupirira kuti njirayi imatha kukwaniritsa gawo lalikulu lamphamvu zomwe zikukula padziko lonse lapansi, ndikuchepetsa kutulutsa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha.
Sikelo yaying'ono yothandizidwa ndi maginito atsopano a superconducting amatha kupangitsa njira yachangu, yotsika mtengo yopita kumagetsi kuchokera ku mphamvu yophatikizika pagululi.
Eni akuyerekeza kuti ndalama zokwana madola 3 biliyoni kupanga 200MW maphatikizidwe riyakitala pofika 2033. Ntchito ya ITER, mgwirizano pakati pa Europe, US, China, India, Japan, Russia ndi South Korea, ili ndi njira yopitilira theka la kuyesa koyamba kotentha kwambiri kwa plasma pofika chaka cha 2025 ndi kuphatikizika koyamba kwa mphamvu zonse pofika 2035 €, ndipo kuli ndi bajeti ya 2035 €. Monga ndi SPRC, ITER idapangidwa kuti isapange magetsi.
Chifukwa chake, ndi gridi yaku US ikuchoka pamagetsi amagetsi a monolithic 2GW-3GW kapena ma fission kupita kwa omwe ali mumtundu wa 100MW-500MW, mphamvu yophatikizira imatha kupikisana pamsika wovuta - ndipo, ngati ndi choncho, liti?
"Pakadali kafukufuku woti achitidwe, koma zovuta zimadziwika, zatsopano zatsopano zikulozera njira yofulumizitsa zinthu, osewera atsopano monga CFS akubweretsa chidwi chamalonda ku mavuto ndipo sayansi yoyambira ndi yokhwima," akutero Mumgaard.
"Tikukhulupirira kuti kusakanikirana kuli pafupi kwambiri kuposa momwe anthu ambiri amaganizira. jQuery( document ).ready(function() {/* Companies carousel */ jQuery('.carousel').slick({madontho: zoona, zopanda malire: zoona, liwiro: 300, lazyLoad: 'ondemand', slidesToShow: 1, slidesToScroll: : 1, adaptive);
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Pamene mukuyang'ana kuti muwongolere ntchito ndi kudalirika kwa makina anu opangira magetsi, mudzafuna luso lofananira bwino kuti likufikitseni kumeneko. Kampani ina yadzipereka kupanga makina oyesa magetsi amagetsi omwe amawonetsetsa kuti ogwira ntchito anu ali ndi chidziwitso chofunikira kuti mugwiritse ntchito magetsi anu mosamala komanso moyenera.
Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-18-2019