Tinozvishandisa kuti tikupe ruzivo rwakanakisisa. Kana ukaramba uchishandisa webhusaiti yedu, tichafungidzira kuti unofara kugamuchira makuki ese ari pawebhusaiti iyi.
Kambani yemafuta yeItaly Eni iri kuisa mari inosvika mamiriyoni makumi mashanu emadhora muCommonwealth Fusion Systems, kambani yeMIT iri kushanda pamwe chete nesangano iri pakugadzira magineti e superconducting kuti agadzire simba re zero-carbon mukuyedza simba re fusion kunonzi SPARC. Julian Turner anowana rubatsiro kubva kuna CEO Robert Mumgaard.
Mukati medzimba dzeMassachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) mune shanduko yesimba iri kuitika. Mushure memakumi emakore ekufambira mberi, masayendisiti anotenda kuti simba rekubatanidza rave kugadzirira kutora nguva yaro uye kuti simba dzvene resimba risingaperi, risina kupiswa, uye risina kabhoni rinogona kuwanikwa.
Kambani yemagetsi yeItaly Eni ine tariro iyi, ichiisa €50 miriyoni ($62 miriyoni) muchirongwa chekushandira pamwe neMIT's Plasma Fusion and Science Center (PSFC) pamwe nekambani yakazvimirira yeCommonwealth Fusion Systems (CFS), iyo ine chinangwa chekukurumidzisa kubatanidzwa kwesimba remagetsi mugridi mumakore gumi nemashanu chete.
Kudzora kusanganiswa, maitiro anosimudzira zuva nenyeredzi, kunomiswa nedambudziko rekare: nepo tsika iyi ichiburitsa simba rakawanda, inogona kuitwa chete pakupisa kwakanyanya kwemamiriyoni emadhigirii Celsius, kuchipisa kupfuura pakati pezuva, uye kuchipisa zvakanyanya zvekuti chero chinhu chakasimba hachigone kutsungirira.
Nekuda kwedambudziko rekuvharirwa kwemafuta ekubatanidza muzviitiko izvi zvakanyanya, kuedza kwesimba rekubatanidza kwave kuripo, kusvika pari zvino, kuchigadzira simba shoma pane rinodiwa kuti rirambe richienderera mberi nekubatana, uye nekudaro hazvigone kugadzira magetsi egrid.
"Kutsvagurudza nezvekubatana kwemakemikari kwakadzidzwa zvakanyanya mumakumi emakore apfuura, zvichikonzera kufambira mberi mukunzwisisa kwesainzi uye matekinoroji esimba rekubatanidza," anodaro CEO weCFS Robert Mumgaard.
"CFS iri kutengeserana nekubatanidza makombiyuta ichishandisa nzira ye "high-field", uko tiri kugadzira magineti matsva e "high-field" kuti tigadzire michina midiki yekubatanidza makombiyuta tichishandisa nzira imwecheteyo yefizikisi sezvirongwa zvehurumende zvakakura. Kuti tiite izvi, CFS inoshanda pamwe chete neMIT muchirongwa chekubatsirana, ichitanga nekugadzira magineti matsva."
Mudziyo weSPARC unoshandisa simba remagineti kuchengetedza plasma inopisa - soup ine gasi ine zvimedu zvishoma - kudzivirira kuti isabatane nechero chikamu chekamuri re vacuum rakaita sedonati.
"Dambudziko guru nderekugadzira plasma mumamiriro ezvinhu ekuti isanganiswe kuitira kuti igadzire simba rakawanda kupfuura rainoshandisa," anotsanangura Mumgaard. "Izvi zvinotsamira zvakanyanya pane chikamu chidiki chefizikisi chinozivikanwa seplasma physics."
Kuedza uku kwakagadzirwa kuti kugadzire simba rinosvika 100MW rekupisa mumasekonzi gumi, simba rakaenzana nerinoshandiswa neguta diki. Asi, sezvo SPARC iri kuyedza, haizosanganisire masisitimu ekushandura simba rekubatanidza kuita magetsi.
Masayendisiti kuMIT anotarisira kuti simba remagetsi richawedzera kaviri simba rinoshandiswa kupisa plasma, zvichizopedzisira zvaita kuti pave nechinhu chakakosha pakugadzira: simba rinobva mukubatanidzwa kwemagetsi.
"Kusanganiswa kunoitika mukati meplasma inobatwa panzvimbo yayo uye inodzivirirwa uchishandisa masimba emagineti," anodaro Mumgaard. "Izvi zvakafanana nebhodhoro remagineti. Simba resimba remagineti rinoenderana zvakanyanya nekugona kwebhodhoro remagineti kudzivirira plasma kuti isvike mumamiriro ekubatana.
"Saka, kana tikakwanisa kugadzira magineti akasimba tinogona kugadzira maplasma anogona kupisa uye kuomesesa tichishandisa simba shoma kuti arambe aripo. Uye nemaplasma ari nani tinogona kuita kuti michina ive midiki uye inokwanisa kugadzirwa nekugadzirwa."
"Nema superconductors anodziya zvakanyanya, tine chishandiso chitsva chekugadzira masimba emagineti ane simba guru, uye nekudaro mabhodhoro emagineti ari nani uye madiki. Tinotenda kuti izvi zvichatibatsira kuti tikurumidze kubatanidzwa."
Mumgaard ari kutaura nezvechizvarwa chitsva chemagineti makuru ane simba guru rekugadzira simba remagineti rakapetwa kaviri pane rakashandiswa mune chero kuyedza kwefusion kuripo, zvichiita kuti simba riwedzere kanopfuura kagumi pahukuru.
Yakagadzirwa netepi yesimbi yakafukidzwa nekombuta inonzi yttrium-barium-copper oxide (YBCO), magineti matsva esuperconducting achaita kuti SPARC ikwanise kugadzira simba rekubatanidza rinosvika chikamu chimwe muzvishanu kupfuura ITER asi muchishandiso chine vhoriyamu inenge 1/65 chete.
Nekuderedza saizi, mutengo, nguva uye kuoma kwehurongwa hunodiwa pakuvaka zvishandiso zvemagetsi zvinosanganisa simba, magineti eYBCO achagonesawo nzira itsva dzedzidzo nedzekutengeserana, dzekubatanidza simba.
"SPARC neITER zvese itokamaks, rudzi rwakasiyana rwebhodhoro remagineti rakavakirwa pasainzi yakakura yekuvandudzwa kwefizikisi yeplasma kwemakumi emakore," Mumgaard anotsanangura.
"SPARC ichashandisa chizvarwa chinotevera chemagineti epamusoro-soro esuperconductor (HTS) anobvumira simba remagineti rakakwira zvakanyanya, zvichiita kuti kushanda kwekubatanidza kwakatariswa kuve kudiki kwazvo."
"Tinotenda kuti ichi chichava chinhu chakakosha pakubatana kwenguva inoenderana nemamiriro ekunze uye chigadzirwa chinokwezva hupfumi."
Panyaya yekufamba kwenguva uye kugona kwekutengeserana, SPARC ishanduko yedhizaini yetokamak yakadzidzwa uye yakagadziridzwa kwemakumi emakore, kusanganisira basa kuMIT rakatanga kuma1970.
Kuedza kweSPARC kwakanangana nekugadzira nzira yekutanga pasi rose yekugadzira magetsi ekubatanidza magetsi ine simba remagetsi rinosvika 200MW, rakafanana neremagetsi emagetsi akawanda ekutengeserana.
Pasinei nekusahadzika kwakapararira pamusoro pesimba rekubatanidza - Eni ine tarisiro yeramangwana yekuve kambani yekutanga yepasi rose yemafuta kuisa mari yakawanda mairi - vatsigiri vanotenda kuti nzira iyi inogona kusangana nechikamu chikuru chesimba riri kukura pasi rose, ukuwo ichideredza kuburitswa kwemagasi ekupisa.
Chikero chidiki chinogoneswa nemagineti matsva e superconducting chinogona kuita kuti nzira yemagetsi isvike nekukurumidza uye yakachipa kubva ku fusion energy iri pagrid isvike nekukurumidza uye pasina muripo.
Eni inofungidzira kuti zvichadhura $3 bhiriyoni kugadzira 200MW fusion reactor panosvika gore ra2033. Chirongwa cheITER, chakabatana pakati peEurope, US, China, India, Japan, Russia neSouth Korea, chiri pakati pechinangwa chayo chekutanga chekuedza plasma nekupisa kwakanyanya panosvika gore ra2025 uye chekutanga fusion yemagetsi akazara panosvika gore ra2035, uye chine bhajeti inosvika €20 bhiriyoni. Sezvakaita neSPARC, ITER yakagadzirirwa kuti isagadzire magetsi.
Saka, negedhi reUS richisiya mafekitori emagetsi e2GW-3GW kana fission achienda kune ari muhuwandu hwe100MW-500MW, simba rekubatanidza rinogona kukwikwidzana here mumusika wakaoma - uye, kana zvakadaro, rini?
"Kuchine tsvakurudzo inofanira kuitwa, asi matambudziko aripo anozivikanwa, hunyanzvi hutsva huri kuratidza nzira yekukurumidzisa zvinhu, vatambi vatsva vakaita seCFS vari kuunza kutarisana kwebhizinesi kumatambudziko uye sainzi yekutanga yakura," anodaro Mumgaard.
"Tinotenda kuti kubatanidzwa kuri pedyo kupfuura zvinofungwa nevanhu vazhinji. Rambai makateerera." jQuery( document ).ready(function() { /* Makambani carousel */ jQuery('.carousel').slick({ madots: true, infinite: true, speed: 300, lazyLoad: 'ondemand', slidesToShow: 1, slidesToScroll: 1, adaptiveHeight: true }); });
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Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-18-2019