Sizisebenzisa ukukunika amava angcono. Ukuba uyaqhubeka usebenzisa iwebhusayithi yethu, siya kucinga ukuba uyakuvuyela ukufumana zonke iikuki ezikule webhusayithi.
Inkampani yeoli yase-Italiya i-Eni ityala imali eyi-50 yezigidi zeedola kwi-Commonwealth Fusion Systems, i-MIT spinout esebenzisana neziko ekuphuhliseni imagnethi e-superconducting ukuvelisa amandla e-zero-carbon kuvavanyo lwamandla okudibanisa okubizwa ngokuba yi-SPARC. UJulian Turner ufumana i-lowdown kwi-CEO uRobert Mumgaard.
Ngaphakathi kweeholo ezingcwele zaseMassachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) uguquko lwamandla luyenzeka. Emva kwamashumi eminyaka enkqubela phambili, izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba amandla okudibanisa asele ekulungele ukubanga usuku lwayo kwaye ingcwele yegrail yamandla angenasiphelo, angatshayo, i-zero-carbon amandla anokufikelela.
I-Italian energy giant Eni yabelana ngeli themba, ityala i-50m yezigidi (i-$ 62m) kwiprojekthi yentsebenziswano kunye ne-MIT yePlasma Fusion kunye neZiko leSayensi (PSFC) kunye nenkampani yabucala ye-Commonwealth Fusion Systems (CFS), ejolise ekulandeleni ngokukhawuleza amandla okudibanisa kwigridi kwiminyaka nje eyi-15.
Ukulawula ukudityaniswa, inkqubo enika amandla ilanga neenkwenkwezi, iphazamisekile yingxaki endala: ngelixa uqheliselo lukhupha izixa ezikhulu zamandla, lunokwenziwa kuphela kumaqondo obushushu angaphaya kwezigidi zeedigri ngokukaCelsius, kushushu kunombindi welanga, kwaye kushushu kakhulu ukuba nayiphi na imathiriyeli eqinileyo inokunyamezela.
Njengomceli mngeni wokuvalelwa kwezibaso ezidityanisiweyo kwezi meko zinzima kakhulu, imifuniselo yamandla edityanisiweyo iye, kude kube ngoku, iqhuba intsilelo, ivelisa amandla anganeno kunalawo afunekayo ukuze kugcinwe ukusabela kokudityaniswa, kwaye ngenxa yoko abakwazi ukuvelisa umbane wegridi.
Ingqonyela yeCFS uRobert Mumgaard ithi: “Uphando lwe-Fusion luye lwahlolisiswa ngokubanzi kumashumi eminyaka adluleyo, nto leyo ebangele ukuhambela phambili kokuqonda kwenzululwazi nobugcisa bokudibanisa amandla,” utsho njalo ingqonyela yeCFS uRobert Mumgaard.
"I-CFS ithengisa ukudibanisa kusetyenziswa indlela ephezulu, apho siphuhlisa imagnethi entsha ye-high-field ukwenza izixhobo ezincinci ze-fusion zisebenzisa indlela ye-physics efana neenkqubo ezinkulu zikarhulumente.
Isixhobo se-SPARC sisebenzisa imagnethi enamandla ukuze sibambe iplasma eshushu - isuphu yegesi yamasuntswana angaphantsi kwe-subatomic - ukuthintela ukuba idibane nayo nayiphi na indawo yegumbi lokucoca elimile okwe-donut.
"Umngeni oyintloko kukwenza iplasma kwiimeko zokudibanisa ukuba kwenzeke ukuze kuvelise amandla amaninzi kunokuba kudla," kuchaza uMumgaard. "Oku kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwindawo engaphantsi kwefiziksi eyaziwa ngokuba yi-plasma physics."
Lo mfuniselo we-compact wenzelwe ukuvelisa malunga ne-100MW yobushushu kwi-pulses yemizuzwana elishumi, amandla amaninzi njengoko asetyenziswa sisixeko esincinci. Kodwa, njengoko i-SPAR iluvavanyo, ayizukubandakanya iinkqubo zokuguqula amandla okudibanisa abe ngumbane.
Iingcali zenzululwazi kwi-MIT zilindele ukuba imveliso ibe ngaphezu kokuphindwe kabini amandla asetyenziselwa ukufudumeza iplasma, ekugqibeleni ifezekise eyona nto ibalulekileyo yobugcisa: amandla afanelekileyo avela kwi-fusion.
"Ukudibanisa kwenzeka ngaphakathi kwiplasma egcinwe endaweni kwaye igqunywe kusetyenziswa imagnethi," utshilo uMumgaard. “Oku kufana nebhotile yemagnethi.” Amandla omhlaba wemagnethi anxulumene kakhulu namandla ebhotile yemagnethi ukugquma iplasma ukuze ifikelele kwiimeko zokudityaniswa.
Ke, ukuba sinokwenza iimagnethi ezinamandla sinokwenza iiplasma ezinokutshisa kwaye zixinene sisebenzisa amandla amancinane ukuzigcina.Kwaye ngeeplasma ezingcono sinokwenza izixhobo zibe zincinci kwaye zilawuleke ngakumbi ukuze zakhe kwaye ziphuhlise.
"Ngee-superconductors ezinobushushu obuphezulu, sinesixhobo esitsha sokwenza imagnethi yamandla aphezulu kakhulu, kwaye ngaloo ndlela ingcono kunye neebhotile ezincinci zemagnethi. Sikholelwa ukuba oku kuya kusenza sidibanise ngokukhawuleza."
I-Mumgaard ibhekiselele kwisizukulwana esitsha se-electromagnets enkulu ene-superconducting electromagnets enamandla okuvelisa imagnethi ephindwe kabini eyomeleleyo kunaleyo iqeshwe kulo naluphi na uvavanyo lwe-fusion olukhoyo, oluvumela ukwanda okuphindwe kalishumi kumandla ngokobungakanani.
Yenziwe ngeteyiphu yentsimbi eqatywe ngekhompawundi ebizwa ngokuba yi-yttrium-barium-copper oxide (YBCO), iimagnethi ezintsha ze-superconducting ziya kwenza ukuba i-SPARC ivelise umbane odityanisiweyo malunga nesihlanu se-ITER kodwa kwisixhobo esimalunga ne-1/65 kuphela umthamo.
Ngokunciphisa ubungakanani, iindleko, umda wexesha kunye nokuntsonkotha kombutho okufunekayo ukwakha izixhobo zamandla ezidityanisiweyo, iimagnethi zeYBCO ziya kwenza iindlela ezintsha zemfundo kunye nezorhwebo, ukudibanisa amandla.
"I-SPARC kunye ne-ITER zombini i-tokamaks, uhlobo oluthile lwebhotile yamagnetic esekelwe kwisayensi ebanzi yophuhliso lwe-physics ye-plasma kwiminyaka emashumi," uMumgaard uyacacisa.
"I-SPARC iya kusebenzisa isizukulwana esilandelayo semagnethi ephezulu yobushushu bobushushu obuphezulu (HTS) evumela indawo ephezulu kakhulu yemagnethi, enika ukusebenza okujoliswe kuko kokudibanisa kubungakanani obuncinci kakhulu.
"Sikholelwa ukuba le iya kuba licandelo eliphambili ekufezekiseni ukudibanisa kwixesha elihambelana nemozulu kunye nemveliso enomtsalane kwezoqoqosho."
Kwimixholo yamaxesha kunye nokusebenza kwezorhwebo, i-SPARC yinguquko yoyilo lwetokamak oluye lwafundwa lwaza lwacocwa amashumi eminyaka, kubandakanywa nomsebenzi eMIT owaqala ngeminyaka yoo-1970.
Uvavanyo lwe-SPRC lujolise ekuvuleni indlela yesixhobo sombane sokuqala esidityanisiweyo sombane esinomthamo omalunga nama-200MW ombane, xa sithelekiswa neso samashishini ombane orhwebo amaninzi.
Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo axhaphakileyo malunga namandla okudibanisa - u-Eni unombono ojonge phambili wokuba yinkampani yeoli yokuqala yehlabathi ukuba ityale imali eninzi kuyo - abameli bakholelwa ukuba obu buchule bunokuhlangabezana nenxalenye enkulu yeemfuno zamandla ehlabathi, ngelixa kwangaxeshanye ecutha ukukhutshwa kwegesi eluhlaza.
Isikali esincinci esinikwe amandla ziimagnethi ezintsha ezisebenza ngamandla ukwenza indlela ekhawulezayo, enexabiso eliphantsi ukuya kumbane ukusuka kumandla okudibanisa kwigridi.
U-Eni uqikelela ukuba kuya kuxabisa i-3 yebhiliyoni zeedola ukuphuhlisa i-200MW fusion reactor ngo-2033. Iprojekthi ye-ITER, intsebenziswano phakathi kweYurophu, i-US, i-China, i-Indiya, i-Japan, i-Russia kunye ne-South Korea, ingaphezu kwesiqingatha sendlela ekujoliswe kuyo kuvavanyo lokuqala lwe-plasma eshushu kakhulu ngo-2025 kunye ne-fusion yokuqala yamandla apheleleyo nge-2035 €, kwaye ine-2035 €. Njengakwa-SPRC, i-ITER yenzelwe ukuba ingavelisi mbane.
Ngoko ke, kunye negridi yase-US isuka kude kwi-monolithic 2GW-3GW yamalahle okanye amaziko ombane e-fission ukuya kwezo zikuluhlu lwe-100MW-500MW, ingaba amandla okudibanisa akhuphisane kwindawo yemarike enzima - kwaye, ukuba kunjalo, nini?
“Kusekho uphando olwenziwayo, kodwa imingeni iyaziwa, inguqulelo entsha yalatha indlela yokukhawulezisa izinto, abadlali abatsha abafana neCFS bazisa ujoliso lwezorhwebo kwiingxaki kwaye inzululwazi esisiseko ivuthiwe,” utshilo uMumgaard.
"Sikholelwa ukuba ukudibanisa kusondele kunokuba abantu abaninzi becinga. Hlala ubukele." jQuery( uxwebhu ).ready(function () { /* Companies carousel */ jQuery('.carousel').slick({ amachaphaza: yinyaniso, engenasiphelo: yinyaniso, isantya: 300, lazyLoad: 'ondemand', slidesToShow: 1, slidesToScroll: 1, true, adaptive)
I-DAMM Cellular Systems A/S yenye yeenkokeli zehlabathi ezithembekileyo, ezihexayo nezinokuhlaziywa lula iTerrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA) kunye neenkqubo zonxibelelwano zikanomathotholo wedijithali (DMR) kumashishini, urhwebo kunye nokhuseleko loluntu abathengi.
I-DAMM TetraFlex Dispatcher inikezela ngokunyuka kokusebenza kakuhle kwimibutho, iqhuba iqela lababhalisi abafuna umyalelo wonxibelelwano lwerediyo, ulawulo kunye nokubeka iliso.
I-DAMM ye-TetraFlex Voice kunye neNkqubo yokuLondoloza kweDatha inikezela ngemisebenzi ebanzi kunye nechanekileyo yokurekhoda kwezwi kunye nedatha, kunye noluhlu olubanzi lwezixhobo zokungena kwi-CDR.
Green Tape Solutions ngumcebisi wase-Australia, okhethekileyo kuvavanyo lokusingqongileyo, ukuvunywa kunye nophicotho, kunye novavanyo lwendalo.
Xa ujonge ukuphucula ukusebenza kwesityalo sakho samandla kunye nokuthembeka, uya kufuna amava afanelekileyo okulinganisa ukuze ufike apho. Enye inkampani izinikezele ekuveliseni izifanisi zeplanti yombane eziqinisekisa ukuba abasebenzi bakho banolwazi olufunekayo ukuze usebenze ngokukhuselekileyo nangobuchule kwiziko lakho lamandla.
Ixesha lokuposa: Dec-18-2019