ʻO ke kumumanaʻo hana a me nā pono o ka hoʻohuihui ʻana o nā cell wahie hydrogen

Kelepona wahieHe ʻano mea hoʻololi ikehu ka l, hiki ke hoʻololi i ka ikehu electrochemical o ka wahie i ikehu uila. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia he cell wahie no ka mea he mea hana mana electrochemical me ka pila. ʻO kahi cell wahie e hoʻohana ana i ka hydrogen ma ke ʻano he wahie he cell wahie hydrogen. Hiki ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka cell wahie hydrogen ma ke ʻano he hopena o ka electrolysis wai i loko o ka hydrogen a me ka oxygen. He maʻemaʻe a me ka pono ke kaʻina hana o ka cell wahie hydrogen. ʻAʻole i kaupalena ʻia ka cell wahie hydrogen e ka 42% thermal efficiency o ka pōʻaiapuni Carnot i hoʻohana ʻia i loko o ka mīkini kaʻa kuʻuna, a hiki i ka pono ke piʻi ma mua o 60%.

ʻAʻole e like me nā rockets, hoʻopuka nā cell wahie hydrogen i ka ikehu kinetic ma o ka hopena ikaika o ka hydrogen a me ka oxygen combustion, a hoʻokuʻu i ka ikehu manuahi Gibbs i loko o ka hydrogen ma o nā mea catalytic. ʻO ka ikehu manuahi Gibbs kahi ikehu electrochemical e pili ana i ka entropy a me nā kumumanaʻo ʻē aʻe. ʻO ke kumumanaʻo hana o ka cell wahie hydrogen, ʻo ia ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻana o ka hydrogen i nā ion hydrogen (ʻo ia hoʻi nā protons) a me nā electrons ma o ka catalyst (Platinum) i loko o ka electrode maikaʻi o ke kelepona. Hele nā ​​​​ion hydrogen ma o ka membrane hoʻololi proton i ka electrode maikaʻi ʻole a pane ka oxygen e lilo i wai a me ka wela, a kahe nā electrons e pili ana mai ka electrode maikaʻi i ka electrode maikaʻi ʻole ma o ke kaapuni waho e hana i ka ikehu uila.

I loko o kapuʻu kelepona wahie, hana ʻia ka hopena o ka hydrogen a me ka oxygen, a aia ka hoʻoili ʻana o ka uku i ke kaʻina hana, e hopena ana i ke au. I ka manawa like, hana ka hydrogen me ka oxygen e hana i ka wai.
Ma ke ʻano he waihona hopena kemika, ʻo ke kumu nui o ka ʻenehana o ka waihona cell wahie ʻo ia ka "membrane hoʻololi proton". ʻO nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni kokoke i ka papa catalyst e hoʻokaʻawale i ka hydrogen i loko o nā ion i hoʻopiʻi ʻia. No ka mea he liʻiliʻi ka mole hydrogen, hiki i nā electrons e lawe ana i ka hydrogen ke holo i ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe ma o nā lua liʻiliʻi o ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni. Eia nō naʻe, i ke kaʻina hana o nā electrons e lawe ana i ka hydrogen e hele ana ma nā lua o ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni, ua wehe ʻia nā electrons mai nā molekala, e waiho wale ana i nā protons hydrogen i hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻia e hiki i kekahi ʻaoʻao ma o ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni.
Nā proton hydrogenua huki ʻia i ka electrode ma kēlā ʻaoʻao o ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni a hui pū me nā molekala oxygen. Hoʻokaʻawale nā ​​​​papa electrode ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni i ka hydrogen i nā ion hydrogen maikaʻi a me nā electrons, a hoʻokaʻawale i ka oxygen i nā ʻātoma oxygen e hopu i nā electrons a hoʻolilo iā lākou i mau ion oxygen (uila maikaʻi ʻole). Hoʻokumu nā electrons i kahi au ma waena o nā papa electrode, a hui pū ʻelua mau ion hydrogen a me hoʻokahi ion oxygen e hana i ka wai, ʻo ia wale nō ka "ʻōpala" i ke kaʻina hana. I ke kumu, ʻo ke kaʻina hana holoʻokoʻa ke kaʻina hana mana. Me ka holomua o ka hana oxidation, hoʻoili mau ʻia nā electrons e hana i ke au e pono ai e hoʻokele i ke kaʻa.