Iseli likaphethiloliI-l uhlobo lwedivayisi yokuguqula amandla, engaguqula amandla kagesi kagesi kaphethiloli abe amandla kagesi. Ibizwa ngokuthi i-fuel cell ngoba iyidivayisi yokukhiqiza amandla kagesi kagesi kanye nebhethri. I-fuel cell esebenzisa i-hydrogen njengophethiloli iyi-hydrogen fuel cell. I-hydrogen fuel cell ingaqondwa njengokusabela kwe-electrolysis yamanzi ibe yi-hydrogen kanye ne-oxygen. Inqubo yokusabela kwe-hydrogen fuel cell ihlanzekile futhi isebenza kahle. I-hydrogen fuel cell ayinqunyelwe ukusebenza kahle kokushisa okungu-42% komjikelezo we-Carnot osetshenziswa enjinini yemoto yendabuko, futhi ukusebenza kahle kungafinyelela ngaphezu kuka-60%.
Ngokungafani namarokhethi, amaseli kaphethiloli e-hydrogen akhiqiza amandla e-kinetic ngokusebenzisa ukusabela okunamandla kokushiswa kwe-hydrogen kanye ne-oxygen, futhi akhulule amandla amahhala e-Gibbs ku-hydrogen ngamadivayisi e-catalytic. Amandla amahhala e-Gibbs angamandla e-electrochemical ahilela i-entropy kanye neminye imibono. Umgomo osebenzayo weseli kaphethiloli we-hydrogen ukuthi i-hydrogen ihlukaniswa ibe ama-ion e-hydrogen (okungukuthi ama-proton) kanye nama-electron nge-catalyst (i-Platinum) ku-electrode enhle yeseli. Ama-ion e-hydrogen adlula ku-membrane yokushintshana kwe-proton aye ku-electrode engemihle futhi i-oxygen isabela ibe amanzi nokushisa, futhi ama-electron ahambisanayo ageleza esuka ku-electrode engemihle aye ku-electrode engemihle ngesifunda sangaphandle ukuze akhiqize amandla kagesi.
Ku-isitaki samaseli kaphethiloli, ukusabela kwe-hydrogen ne-oxygen kuyenziwa, futhi kukhona ukudluliswa kweshaja kule nqubo, okuholela ku-current. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-hydrogen isabela ne-oxygen ukuze ikhiqize amanzi.
Njengechibi lokusabela kwamakhemikhali, ingqikithi yobuchwepheshe eyinhloko ye-fuel cell stack "i-proton exchange membrane". Izinhlangothi ezimbili zefilimu ziseduze ne-catalyst layer ukuze zibole i-hydrogen ibe ama-ion ashajekile. Ngenxa yokuthi i-molecule ye-hydrogen incane, ama-electron athwala i-hydrogen angakhukhuleka aye ngakolunye uhlangothi ngemigodi emincane yefilimu. Kodwa-ke, enkambisweni yama-electron athwala i-hydrogen edlula emigodini yefilimu, ama-electron asuswa kuma-molecule, kushiye kuphela ama-proton e-hydrogen ashajekile kahle ukuthi afinyelele kolunye uhlangothi ngefilimu.
Amaphrotoni e-hydrogenzidonswa yi-electrode ngakolunye uhlangothi lwefilimu futhi zihlangana nama-molecule e-oxygen. Amapuleti e-electrode ezinhlangothini zombili zefilimu ahlukanisa i-hydrogen ibe ama-ion e-hydrogen nama-electron amahle, bese ehlukanisa i-oxygen ibe ama-athomu e-oxygen ukuze abambe ama-electron futhi awaguqule abe ama-ion e-oxygen (ugesi ongemuhle). Ama-electron akha ugesi phakathi kwamapuleti e-electrode, kanti ama-ion amabili e-hydrogen kanye ne-ion eyodwa ye-oxygen kuhlangana ukwakha amanzi, okuba yiwona kuphela "udoti" enkambisweni yokusabela. Empeleni, yonke inqubo yokusebenza inqubo yokukhiqiza amandla. Ngokuthuthuka kokusabela kwe-oxidation, ama-electron adluliselwa njalo ukuze akhe ugesi odingekayo ukushayela imoto.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Feb-12-2022