Iseli yepetroliI-l luhlobo lwesixhobo sokuguqula amandla, esinokuguqula amandla e-electrochemical yepetroli abe ngamandla ombane. Ibizwa ngokuba yi-fuel cell kuba sisixhobo sokuvelisa amandla e-electrochemical kunye nebhetri. I-fuel cell esebenzisa i-hydrogen njengepetroli yi-hydrogen fuel cell. I-hydrogen fuel cell inokuqondwa njengempendulo ye-electrolysis yamanzi ibe yi-hydrogen kunye ne-oxygen. Inkqubo yokusabela kwe-hydrogen fuel cell icocekile kwaye isebenza kakuhle. I-hydrogen fuel cell ayithintelwanga kukusebenza kakuhle kobushushu obuyi-42% kwi-Carnot cycle esetyenziswa kwinjini yemoto yendabuko, kwaye ukusebenza kwayo kunokufikelela ngaphezulu kwe-60%.
Ngokungafaniyo neerokethi, ii-hydrogen fuel cells zivelisa amandla e-kinetic ngokusebenzisa i-hydrogen kunye ne-oxygen combustion, kwaye zikhuphe amandla e-Gibbs free kwi-hydrogen ngokusebenzisa izixhobo ze-catalytic. Amandla e-Gibbs free yi-electrochemical energy equka i-entropy kunye nezinye iingcamango. Umgaqo osebenzayo we-hydrogen fuel cell kukuba i-hydrogen inyibilika ibe yi-hydrogen ions (oko kukuthi ii-protons) kunye nee-electron nge-catalyst (iPlatinum) kwi-electrode entle yeseli. Ii-hydrogen ions zidlula kwi-proton exchange membrane ukuya kwi-electrode engalunganga kwaye i-oxygen isabela ibe ngamanzi kunye nobushushu, kwaye ii-electron ezihambelanayo zihamba ukusuka kwi-electrode echanekileyo ukuya kwi-electrode engalunganga ngesekethe yangaphandle ukuze zivelise amandla ombane.
Kwiisitaki seeseli zepetroli, kwenzeka ukusabela kwe-hydrogen kunye ne-oxygen, kwaye kukho ukudluliselwa kwetshaja kule nkqubo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kubekho umbane. Kwangaxeshanye, i-hydrogen isabela kunye ne-oxygen ukuze ivelise amanzi.
Njengesixhobo sokusabela kwamakhemikhali, eyona nto iphambili kwi-fuel cell stack yi-"proton exchange membrane". Amacala amabini efilimu akufutshane nomaleko we-catalyst ukuze adilize i-hydrogen ibe yi-ions ezitshajiweyo. Ngenxa yokuba i-molecule ye-hydrogen incinci, ii-electron ezithwala i-hydrogen zinokuhamba ziye kwelinye icala ngemingxuma emincinci yefilimu. Nangona kunjalo, kwinkqubo yee-electron ezithwala i-hydrogen ezidlula kwimingxuma yefilimu, ii-electron ziyasuswa kwiimolekyuli, zishiya kuphela ii-proton ze-hydrogen ezitshajiweyo kakuhle ukuba zifikelele kwelinye icala ngefilimu.
Iiprotoni zeHydrogenZitsalwa yi-electrode kwelinye icala lefilimu kwaye zidityaniswe neemolekyuli zeoksijini. Iipleyiti ze-electrode kumacala omabini efilimu zahlula i-hydrogen ibe zii-ion ze-hydrogen kunye nee-electron ezintle, kwaye zahlula i-oxygen ibe zii-athomu ze-oxygen ukuze zibambe ii-electron kwaye ziguqule zibe zii-ion ze-oxygen (umbane ongeyonyani). Ii-electron zenza umsinga phakathi kweepleyiti ze-electrode, kwaye ii-ion ezimbini ze-hydrogen kunye ne-ion enye ye-oxygen ziyadibana zenze amanzi, nto leyo eba yinkunkuma kuphela kwinkqubo yokusabela. Ngokwenyani, yonke inkqubo yokusebenza yinkqubo yokuvelisa umbane. Ngokuqhubeka kwe-oxidation reaction, ii-electron zidluliselwa rhoqo ukuze zenze umsinga ofunekayo ukuqhuba imoto.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Februwari-12-2022