Ƙasashe da dama sun fara tsara manufofi na dabarun samar da makamashin hydrogen, kuma wasu jarin da ke zuba jari suna kula da haɓaka fasahar hydrogen mai kore. Tarayyar Turai da China ne ke jagorantar wannan ci gaban, suna neman fa'idodi na farko a fannin fasaha da ababen more rayuwa. A halin yanzu, Japan, Koriya ta Kudu, Faransa, Jamus, Netherlands, New Zealand da Ostiraliya duk sun fitar da dabarun samar da makamashin hydrogen kuma sun ƙirƙiro shirye-shiryen gwaji tun daga 2017. A shekarar 2021, Tarayyar Turai ta fitar da wata buƙata ta dabarun samar da makamashin hydrogen, tana ba da shawarar ƙara ƙarfin samar da hydrogen a cikin ƙwayoyin lantarki zuwa 6GW nan da 2024 ta hanyar dogaro da makamashin iska da hasken rana, kuma zuwa 40GW nan da 2030, za a ƙara ƙarfin samar da hydrogen a Tarayyar Turai zuwa 40GW ta hanyar ƙarin 40GW a wajen Tarayyar Turai.
Kamar yadda yake tare da duk sabbin fasahohi, hydrogen mai kore yana canzawa daga bincike na farko da haɓaka zuwa ci gaban masana'antu na yau da kullun, wanda ke haifar da ƙarancin farashin naúrar da ƙaruwar inganci a ƙira, gini da shigarwa. Hydrogen mai kore LCOH ya ƙunshi sassa uku: farashin ƙwayoyin electrolytic, farashin wutar lantarki mai sabuntawa da sauran kuɗaɗen aiki. Gabaɗaya, farashin ƙwayoyin electrolytic ya kai kusan kashi 20% ~ 25% na hydrogen kore LCOH, kuma mafi girman kaso na wutar lantarki (70% ~ 75%). Kuɗaɗen aiki ƙanana ne, gabaɗaya ƙasa da 5%.
A duk duniya, farashin makamashin da ake sabuntawa (galibi na makamashin hasken rana da iska) ya faɗi sosai a cikin shekaru 30 da suka gabata, kuma farashin makamashin da aka daidaita shi (LCOE) yanzu ya kusa da na wutar lantarkin da ake amfani da shi ta hanyar kwal ($30-50 /MWh), wanda hakan ya sa makamashin da ake sabuntawa ya fi yin gasa a nan gaba. Kudaden makamashin da ake sabuntawa suna ci gaba da raguwa da kashi 10% a shekara, kuma nan da kusan shekarar 2030 farashin makamashin da ake sabuntawa zai kai kimanin dala $20 /MWh. Ba za a iya rage farashin aiki sosai ba, amma ana iya rage farashin na'urar tantanin halitta kuma ana sa ran za a sami irin wannan lanƙwasa na koyo ga ƙwayoyin halitta kamar na wutar lantarki ta hasken rana ko iska.
An ƙirƙiro PV na hasken rana a shekarun 1970 kuma farashin PV LCoE na hasken rana a shekarar 2010 ya kai kusan dala $500 /MWh. Solar PV LCOE ya ragu sosai tun daga shekarar 2010 kuma a halin yanzu yana da dala $30 zuwa $50 /MWh. Ganin cewa fasahar ƙwayoyin lantarki tana kama da ma'aunin masana'antu don samar da ƙwayoyin hasken rana, daga 2020-2030, fasahar ƙwayoyin lantarki za ta iya bin irin wannan yanayin kamar ƙwayoyin hasken rana dangane da farashin naúrar. A lokaci guda, LCOE na iska ya ragu sosai a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata, amma da ƙaramin adadin (kimanin kashi 50 cikin ɗari a ƙasashen waje da kashi 60 cikin ɗari a bakin teku).
Kasarmu tana amfani da hanyoyin samar da makamashi mai sabuntawa (kamar wutar lantarki ta iska, wutar lantarki ta photovoltaic, da wutar lantarki ta ruwa) don samar da hydrogen na ruwa mai amfani da wutar lantarki, lokacin da farashin wutar lantarki ke sarrafawa a cikin yuan 0.25 / kWh a ƙasa, farashin samar da hydrogen yana da inganci na tattalin arziki (15.3 ~ 20.9 yuan / kg). An nuna alamun fasaha da tattalin arziki na samar da electrolysis na alkaline da kuma samar da hydrogen na PEM electrolysis a cikin Jadawali na 1.
An nuna hanyar lissafin farashi na samar da hydrogen na lantarki a cikin lissafi (1) da (2). LCOE = farashi mai ƙayyadadden farashi/(yawan samar da hydrogen x rayuwa) + farashin aiki (1) Kudin aiki = samar da hydrogen amfani da wutar lantarki x farashin wutar lantarki + farashin ruwa + farashin kula da kayan aiki (2) Idan aka ɗauki ayyukan electrolysis na alkaline da PEM electrolysis (1000 Nm3/h) a matsayin misali, ɗauka cewa duk zagayowar rayuwar ayyukan shekaru 20 ne kuma rayuwar aiki shine 9 × 104h. An ƙididdige farashin tantanin lantarki na fakiti, na'urar tsarkake hydrogen, kuɗin kayan aiki, kuɗin ginin farar hula, kuɗin sabis na shigarwa da sauran abubuwa akan 0.3 yuan / kWh don electrolysis. An nuna kwatancen farashin a cikin Jadawali na 2.
Idan aka kwatanta da sauran hanyoyin samar da hydrogen, idan farashin wutar lantarki na makamashin da ake sabuntawa ya yi ƙasa da 0.25 yuan / kWh, farashin hydrogen kore zai iya raguwa zuwa kimanin yuan 15 / kg, wanda zai fara samun fa'ida a farashi. A cikin mahallin rashin daidaiton carbon, tare da rage farashin samar da wutar lantarki mai sabuntawa, babban ci gaban ayyukan samar da hydrogen, rage yawan amfani da makamashin tantanin halitta na electrolytic da farashin saka hannun jari, da kuma jagorancin harajin carbon da sauran manufofi, hanyar rage farashin hydrogen kore za ta bayyana a hankali. A lokaci guda, saboda samar da hydrogen daga tushen makamashi na gargajiya za a gauraya shi da datti da yawa masu alaƙa kamar carbon, sulfur da chlorine, da kuma farashin tsarkakewa da CCUS, ainihin farashin samarwa na iya wuce yuan 20 / kg.
Lokacin Saƙo: Fabrairu-06-2023