Isesengura ryubukungu ryumusaruro wa hydrogène wicyatsi ukoresheje electrolysis ituruka kumasoko yingufu zishobora kubaho

Ibihugu byinshi kandi byinshi bitangiye kwishyiriraho intego z’ingufu za hydrogène, kandi ishoramari rimwe na rimwe ryerekeza ku iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga rya hydrogène. Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi n’Ubushinwa birayobora iri terambere, bishakisha ibyiza byimbere mu ikoranabuhanga n’ibikorwa remezo. Hagati aho, Ubuyapani, Koreya y'Epfo, Ubufaransa, Ubudage, Ubuholandi, Nouvelle-Zélande na Ositaraliya byose byasohoye ingamba z’ingufu za hydrogène ndetse binategura gahunda y’icyitegererezo kuva mu 2017. Mu 2021, Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi wasabye ingamba z’ingufu za hydrogène, usaba ko ubushobozi bw’imikorere ya hydrogène mu ngirabuzimafatizo za electrolytike bugera kuri 6GW mu 2024 hashingiwe ku mbaraga z’umuyaga n’izuba muri 20G, ingufu za hydrogène zikagera kuri 40W.

Kimwe na tekinolojiya mishya yose, hydrogène yicyatsi igenda iva mubushakashatsi bwambere niterambere igana mubikorwa rusange byiterambere ryinganda, bigatuma ibiciro biri hasi kandi byongera imikorere mugushushanya, kubaka no gushiraho. Icyatsi cya hydrogène LCOH igizwe nibice bitatu: igiciro cya selile ya electrolytike, igiciro cyamashanyarazi gishobora kuvugururwa nibindi biciro byo gukora. Muri rusange, ikiguzi cya selile electrolytique kigera kuri 20% ~ 25% ya hydrogène yicyatsi kibisi LCOH, nigice kinini cyamashanyarazi (70% ~ 75%). Amafaranga yo gukora ni make, muri rusange munsi ya 5%.

Ku rwego mpuzamahanga, igiciro cy’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu (cyane cyane izuba n’umuyaga bifite akamaro kanini) byagabanutse cyane mu myaka 30 ishize, kandi n’ingufu zingana (LCOE) ubu yegereye ingufu z’amashanyarazi y’amakara ($ 30-50 / MWh), bigatuma ibivugururwa birushaho kuba byiza mu gihe kiri imbere. Ibiciro byingufu zishobora gukomeza kugabanuka 10% kumwaka, kandi mugihe cya 2030 ibiciro byingufu zishobora kongera $ 20 / MWh. Ibiciro byo gukora ntibishobora kugabanuka cyane, ariko ikiguzi cyama selile kirashobora kugabanuka kandi ibiciro bisa byo kwiga byateganijwe kumirasire nkizuba ryizuba cyangwa umuyaga.

Solar PV yakozwe mu myaka ya za 70 kandi igiciro cyizuba PV LCoEs muri 2010 cyari hafi $ 500 / MWh. Solar PV LCOE yagabanutse cyane kuva 2010 kandi ubu ni $ 30 kugeza $ 50 / MWh. Urebye ko tekinoroji ya selile ya electrolytike isa nigipimo nganda cy’inganda zitanga ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y’izuba, guhera mu mwaka wa 2020-2030, ikoranabuhanga ry’ingirabuzimafatizo rishobora gukurikira inzira imwe n’ingirabuzimafatizo y’izuba ukurikije igiciro cy’ibice. Muri icyo gihe, LCOE y’umuyaga yagabanutse cyane mu myaka icumi ishize, ariko ku gipimo gito (hafi 50% ku nkombe na 60% ku nkombe).

Igihugu cyacu gikoresha ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu (nkingufu zumuyaga, fotovoltaque, hydropower) mugukora hydrogène yamazi ya electrolytike, mugihe igiciro cyamashanyarazi kigenzuwe muri 0.25 yuan / kWh munsi, igiciro cya hydrogène gifite umusaruro ugereranije nubukungu (15.3 ~ 20.9 yuan / kg). Ibipimo bya tekiniki nubukungu byerekana alkaline electrolysis na PEM electrolysis hydrogène yerekana bigaragara mu mbonerahamwe ya 1.

Uburyo bwo kubara ibiciro byumusaruro wa hydrogène electrolytike werekana muburinganire (1) na (2). MC Igiciro cyagenwe cya selile electrolytike, ibikoresho byoza hydrogene, amafaranga yibikoresho, amafaranga yubwubatsi bwabaturage, amafaranga yo kwishyiriraho nibindi bintu bibarwa kuri 0.3 yuan / kWh kuri electrolysis. Kugereranya ibiciro bigaragara mu mbonerahamwe ya 2.

Ugereranije nubundi buryo bwo kubyara hydrogène, niba igiciro cyamashanyarazi yingufu zishobora kuba munsi ya 0.25 yuan / kWt, igiciro cya hydrogène yicyatsi gishobora kugabanuka kugera kuri 15 yu / kg, gitangira kugira inyungu yikiguzi. Mu rwego rwo kutabogama kwa karubone, hamwe no kugabanya ibiciro by’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu z’amashanyarazi, iterambere rinini ry’imishinga itanga umusaruro wa hydrogène, igabanywa ry’ingufu zikoreshwa n’ingirabuzimafatizo zikoreshwa n’ishoramari, hamwe n’ubuyobozi bw’imisoro ya karubone n’izindi politiki, umuhanda wo kugabanya ibiciro bya hydrogène bizagenda bigaragara neza. Muri icyo gihe, kubera ko umusaruro wa hydrogène ukomoka ku mbaraga gakondo zizavangwa n’imyanda myinshi ifitanye isano nka karubone, sulfure na chlorine, hamwe n’igiciro cyo kwezwa hejuru na CCUS, igiciro nyacyo gishobora kurenga 20 Yuan / kg.