Mba ndị ọzọ na-amalite isetịpụ ebumnuche ebumnuche maka ike hydrogen, na itinye ego ụfọdụ na-akwalite mmepe teknụzụ hydrogen green. EU na China na-eduga mmepe a, na-achọ uru ndị mbụ na-ebu na teknụzụ na akụrụngwa. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, Japan, South Korea, France, Germany, Netherlands, New Zealand na Australia ewepụtala usoro ume ike hydrogen ma mepụta atụmatụ pilot kemgbe 2017. Na 2021, EU nyere usoro chọrọ maka ike hydrogen, na-atụ aro ịbawanye ọrụ nke mmepụta hydrogen na mkpụrụ ndụ electrolytic na 6GW site na 2024 site na ịdabere na ikuku na ike anyanwụ, na 2024 nke EU na ike nke mmepụta hydrogen. a ga-abawanye na 40GW site na 40GW ọzọ na mpụga EU.
Dị ka ọ dị na teknụzụ ọhụrụ niile, hydrogen na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ na-esi na nyocha na mmepe nke mbụ na-aga n'ihu na mmepe ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, na-ebute ọnụ ahịa ọnụ ala dị ala yana ịbawanye arụmọrụ na nhazi, ihe owuwu na ntinye. Green hydrogen LCOH nwere ihe atọ: ọnụ ahịa cell electrolytic, ọnụahịa ọkụ eletrik na ụgwọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ. N'ozuzu, ọnụ ahịa nke cell electrolytic maka ihe dịka 20% ~ 25% nke hydrogen green LCOH, na oke ọkụ eletrik (70% ~ 75%). Ọnụ ego ọrụ dị ntakịrị, n'ozuzu ya na-erughị 5%.
Na mba ụwa, ọnụahịa nke ume ọhụrụ (karịsịa anyanwụ na ikuku na-arụ ọrụ) adaala nke ukwuu n'ime afọ 30 gara aga, na ọnụ ahịa ike ya nhata (LCOE) dị ugbu a na nke ike ọkụ (30-50 / MWh), na-eme ka mmeghari ohuru dịkwuo ọnụ-asọmpi n'ọdịnihu. Ọnụ ego ume ọhụrụ na-aga n'ihu na-ada site na 10% kwa afọ, na n'ihe dị ka afọ 2030, ụgwọ ume ọhụrụ ga-eru ihe dị ka $20 /MWh. Enweghị ike ibelata ụgwọ ọrụ nke ukwuu, mana enwere ike ibelata ọnụ ahịa otu mkpụrụ ndụ yana a na-atụ anya usoro ọnụ mmụta mmụta yiri ya maka sel maka ike anyanwụ ma ọ bụ ikuku.
Emepụtara anyanwụ PV n'afọ ndị 1970 yana ọnụ ahịa PV LCoE nke anyanwụ na 2010 bụ ihe dịka $500 /MWh. Solar PV LCOE ebelatala nke ukwuu kemgbe 2010 ma bụrụ $30 ruo $50 /MWh ugbu a. Nyere na teknụzụ cell electrolytic yiri akara ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe maka mmepụta cell fotovoltaic nke anyanwụ, site na 2020-2030, nkà na ụzụ cell electrolytic nwere ike na-agbaso ọnọdụ yiri nke ahụ dị ka mkpụrụ ndụ fotovoltaic anyanwụ n'ihe gbasara ọnụ ahịa otu. N'otu oge ahụ, LCOE maka ifufe agbadala nke ukwuu n'ime afọ iri gara aga, mana site na obere ego (ihe dị ka pasent 50 n'ụsọ mmiri na pasent 60 n'ikpere mmiri).
Obodo anyị na-eji ike mmeghari ume ọhụrụ (dị ka ike ikuku, fotovoltaic, hydropower) maka mmepụta hydrogen mmiri electrolytic, mgbe a na-achịkwa ọnụahịa ọkụ eletrik na 0.25 yuan / kWh n'okpuru ebe a, ọnụ ahịa mmepụta hydrogen nwere arụmọrụ akụ na ụba (15.3 ~ 20.9 yuan / kg). Egosiputa teknụzụ na akụ na ụba nke alkaline electrolysis na mmepụta hydrogen PEM electrolysis na tebụl 1.
E gosipụtara usoro ngụkọ ọnụ nke mmepụta hydrogen electrolytic na nha nha (1) na (2). LCOE = ego efu / (hydrogen mmepụta nke ukwu x ndụ) + ụgwọ ọrụ (1) Ọnụ ọrụ = hydrogen mmepụta ọkụ eletrik x ọnụ ahịa ọkụ eletrik + ọnụ ahịa mmiri + ihe ndozi akụrụngwa (2) Inweta alkaline electrolysis na ọrụ electrolysis PEM (1000 Nm3 / h) dị ka ihe atụ, chere na usoro ndụ dum nke ọrụ ahụ bụ afọ 20 na ndụ ọrụ bụ 9 × 104h. Ọnụ ego a na-akwụ ụgwọ nke cell electrolytic ngwugwu, ngwaọrụ nchacha hydrogen, ego ihe onwunwe, ụgwọ ihe owuwu obodo, ụgwọ ọrụ ntinye na ihe ndị ọzọ na-agbakọ na 0.3 yuan / kWh maka electrolysis. Egosiri ntụnyere ọnụ ahịa na Tebụl 2.
E jiri ya tụnyere ụzọ mmepụta hydrogen ndị ọzọ, ọ bụrụ na ọnụahịa ọkụ eletrik nke ume ọhụrụ dị ala karịa 0.25 yuan / kWh, ọnụ ahịa hydrogen na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ nwere ike ibelata ihe dịka 15 yuan / kg, nke na-amalite inwe uru ọnụ. N'ihe gbasara nnọpụiche carbon, yana mbelata ụgwọ nrụpụta ike mmeghari ume ọhụrụ, nnukwu mmepe mmepe nke ọrụ mmepụta hydrogen, mbelata oriri ike nke cell electrolytic na ego itinye ego, yana ntuziaka nke ụtụ carbon na amụma ndị ọzọ, ụzọ mbelata ọnụ ahịa hydrogen green ga-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ doo anya. N'otu oge ahụ, n'ihi na mmepụta hydrogen sitere na isi mmalite ike ọdịnala ga-ejikọta ya na ọtụtụ adịghị ọcha ndị metụtara ya dị ka carbon, sọlfọ na chlorine, yana ọnụ ahịa nchacha na CCUS, ọnụahịa mmepụta n'ezie nwere ike karịa 20 yuan / kg.
Oge nzipu: Feb-06-2023