Nyika dzakawanda dziri kutanga kuisa zvinangwa zvesimba rehydrogen, uye dzimwe mari dziri kutarisira kuvandudza tekinoroji yehydrogen yakasvibirira. EU neChina dziri kutungamira budiriro iyi, vachitsvaga mabhenefiti ekutanga mu tekinoroji nezvivakwa. Panguva iyi, Japan, South Korea, France, Germany, Netherlands, New Zealand neAustralia vese vakaburitsa nzira dzesimba rehydrogen uye vakagadzira zvirongwa zvekuedza kubvira muna 2017. Muna 2021, EU yakaburitsa chinodiwa chesimba rehydrogen, ichikurudzira kuwedzera kugona kwekushanda kwekugadzira hydrogen mumasero emagetsi kusvika ku6GW panosvika 2024 nekuvimba nesimba remhepo nezuva, uye kusvika ku40GW panosvika 2030, kugona kwekugadzira hydrogen muEU kuchawedzerwa kusvika ku40GW ne40GW yekuwedzera kunze kweEU.
Sezvakaita matekinoroji matsva ese, hydrogen yakasvibirira iri kuchinja kubva pakutsvagisa kwekutanga nekusimudzira kuenda kukukura kwemaindasitiri, zvichikonzera kudzikira kwemitengo yemayuniti uye kuwedzera kushanda zvakanaka mukugadzira, kuvaka uye kuisa. LCOH yegirini yehydrogen ine zvikamu zvitatu: mutengo wemaseru emagetsi, mutengo wemagetsi anogona kushandiswazve uye mimwe mitengo yekushandisa. Kazhinji, mutengo wemaseru emagetsi unosvika 20% ~ 25% yehydrogen yakasvibirira yeLCOH, uye chikamu chikuru chemagetsi (70% ~ 75%). Mari yekushandisa idiki, kazhinji isingasviki 5%.
Pasi rose, mutengo wesimba rinogona kuvandudzwa (kunyanya simba rezuva nemhepo) waderera zvakanyanya mumakore makumi matatu apfuura, uye mutengo wayo wesimba rakafanana (LCOE) wava pedyo nesimba remagetsi rinoshandisa marasha ($30-50 /MWh), zvichiita kuti simba rinogona kuvandudzwa rive nemakwikwi akawanda mune ramangwana. Mari yesimba rinogona kuvandudzwa inoramba ichiderera ne10% pagore, uye panosvika gore ra2030 mari yesimba rinogona kuvandudzwa ichasvika pamadhora makumi maviri ($20 /MWh). Mari yekushanda haigone kuderedzwa zvakanyanya, asi mari yemagetsi emagetsi inogona kuderedzwa uye mari yekudzidza yakafanana inotarisirwa kumasero seyesimba rezuva kana remhepo.
Solar PV yakagadzirwa muma1970 uye mutengo we solar PV LCoEs muna 2010 waive panosvika $500 /MWh. Solar PV LCOE yakadzikira zvakanyanya kubva muna 2010 uye parizvino iri $30 kusvika $50 /MWh. Zvichienderana nekuti tekinoroji yemagetsi yakafanana neyemaindasitiri yekugadzira maseru ezuva ezuva, kubva muna 2020-2030, tekinoroji yemagetsi inogona kutevera nzira yakafanana nemasero ezuva ezuva ezuva maererano nemutengo weyuniti. Panguva imwe chete, LCOE yemhepo yakaderera zvakanyanya mumakore gumi apfuura, asi nehuwandu hushoma (inenge 50 muzana yekunze kwenyika uye 60 muzana yekunze kwenyika).
Nyika yedu inoshandisa simba rinogona kushandiswazve (senge simba remhepo, photovoltaic, hydropower) pakugadzira hydrogen yemvura ine electrolytic, kana mutengo wemagetsi uchidzorwa mu 0.25 yuan /kWh pazasi, mutengo wekugadzira hydrogen une hupfumi hwakanaka (15.3 ~ 20.9 yuan /kg). Zviratidzo zvehunyanzvi nehupfumi zvealkaline electrolysis uye PEM electrolysis kugadzirwa kwehydrogen zvinoratidzwa muTafura 1.
Nzira yekuverenga mutengo wekugadzirwa kwehydrogen nemagetsi inoratidzwa muequations (1) na (2). LCOE = mutengo wakagadzika/(huwandu hwekugadzirwa kwehydrogen x hupenyu) + mutengo wekushanda (1) Mutengo wekushanda = kushandiswa kwemagetsi ekugadzira hydrogen x mutengo wemagetsi + mutengo wemvura + mutengo wekugadzirisa michina (2) Tichitora mapurojekiti e-alkaline electrolysis nePEM electrolysis (1000 Nm3/h) semuenzaniso, fungidzira kuti hupenyu hwese hwemapurojekiti makore makumi maviri uye hupenyu hwekushanda i9×104h. Mutengo wakagadzika wepakeji electrolytic cell, mudziyo wekuchenesa hydrogen, muripo wezvinhu, muripo wekuvaka wecivil, muripo webasa rekuisa nezvimwe zvinhu zvinoverengerwa pa0.3 yuan /kWh ye electrolysis. Kuenzanisa kwemutengo kunoratidzwa muTafura 2.
Zvichienzaniswa nedzimwe nzira dzekugadzira hydrogen, kana mutengo wemagetsi wesimba rinogona kudzokororwa uri pasi pe0.25 yuan /kWh, mutengo we green hydrogen unogona kuderedzwa kusvika pa15 yuan /kg, izvo zvinotanga kuva nebhenefiti yemari. Mumamiriro ezvinhu ekusapindirana kwekabhoni, nekuderedzwa kwemitengo yekugadzira simba rinogona kudzokororwa, kukura kukuru kwemapurojekiti ekugadzira hydrogen, kudzikiswa kwekushandiswa kwesimba remagetsi nemitengo yekudyara, uye nhungamiro yemutero wekabhoni nedzimwe nzira, nzira yekudzikisa mari ye green hydrogen ichave yakajeka zvishoma nezvishoma. Panguva imwe chete, nekuti kugadzirwa kwe hydrogen kubva kumasimba echinyakare kuchasanganiswa netsvina yakawanda ine chekuita nekabhoni, sarufa ne chlorine, uye mutengo wekuchenesa superimposed neCCUS, mutengo chaiwo wekugadzira unogona kudarika 20 yuan /kg.
Nguva yekutumira: Kukadzi-06-2023