Amazwe amaninzi aqala ukumisela iinjongo zesicwangciso-qhinga samandla e-hydrogen, kwaye utyalo-mali oluthile lujolise ekuphuhlisweni kobuchwepheshe be-hydrogen eluhlaza. I-EU kunye neTshayina zikhokela olu phuhliso, zikhangela iingenelo zokuqala kubuchwepheshe nakwiziseko zophuhliso. Okwangoku, iJapan, uMzantsi Korea, iFransi, iJamani, iNetherlands, iNew Zealand kunye ne-Australia zonke zikhuphe amaqhinga e-hydrogen energy kwaye zaphuhlisa izicwangciso zovavanyo ukusukela ngo-2017. Ngo-2021, i-EU ikhuphe imfuneko yesicwangciso-qhinga samandla e-hydrogen, icebisa ukonyusa amandla okusebenza emveliso ye-hydrogen kwiiseli ze-electrolytic ukuya kwi-6GW ngo-2024 ngokuxhomekeka kumandla omoya kunye nelanga, kwaye ukuya kwi-40GW ngo-2030, amandla emveliso ye-hydrogen kwi-EU aya kwandiswa ukuya kwi-40GW nge-40GW eyongezelelweyo ngaphandle kwe-EU.
Njengakwezinye iindlela zobuchwepheshe ezintsha, i-hydrogen eluhlaza isuka kuphando oluphambili kunye nophuhliso ukuya kuphuhliso oluphambili lwemizi-mveliso, nto leyo ebangela ukuba iindleko zeeyunithi zibe phantsi kunye nokusebenza kakuhle okwandisiweyo kuyilo, ulwakhiwo kunye nofakelo. I-hydrogen eluhlaza i-LCOH inamacandelo amathathu: iindleko zeeseli ze-electrolytic, ixabiso lombane ohlaziyekayo kunye nezinye iindleko zokusebenza. Ngokubanzi, iindleko zeeseli ze-electrolytic zimalunga ne-20% ~ 25% ye-hydrogen eluhlaza i-LCOH, kunye nesabelo esikhulu sombane (70% ~ 75%). Iindleko zokusebenza zincinci kakhulu, ngokubanzi zingaphantsi kwe-5%.
Kumazwe ngamazwe, ixabiso lamandla avuselelekayo (ngokuyintloko amandla elanga nomoya) liye lehla kakhulu kwiminyaka engama-30 edlulileyo, kwaye ixabiso lamandla alinganayo (i-LCOE) ngoku lisondele kwelo lamandla asebenzisa amalahle ($30-50 /MWh), nto leyo eyenza ukuba amandla avuselelekayo abe nomtsalane ngakumbi kwixesha elizayo. Iindleko zamandla avuselelekayo ziyaqhubeka nokuhla nge-10% ngonyaka, kwaye malunga nowama-2030 iindleko zamandla avuselelekayo ziya kufikelela kwi-$20 /MWh. Iindleko zokusebenza azinakuncitshiswa kakhulu, kodwa iindleko zeyunithi yeseli zinokuncitshiswa kwaye kulindeleke ukuba kubekho i-curve yeendleko zokufunda ezifanayo kwiiseli njengamandla elanga okanye omoya.
I-Solar PV yaphuhliswa ngeminyaka yoo-1970 kwaye ixabiso lee-solar PV LCoEs ngo-2010 lalimalunga ne-$500 /MWh. I-Solar PV LCOE yehle kakhulu ukusukela ngo-2010 kwaye okwangoku yi-$30 ukuya kwi-$50 /MWh. Ngenxa yokuba iteknoloji yeeseli ze-electrolytic ifana nomgangatho wezoshishino wokuveliswa kweeseli ze-solar photovoltaic, ukususela ngo-2020-2030, iteknoloji yeeseli ze-electrolytic kusenokwenzeka ukuba ilandele indlela efanayo neeseli ze-solar photovoltaic ngokwexabiso leyunithi. Kwangaxeshanye, i-LCOE yomoya yehle kakhulu kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo, kodwa ngexabiso elincinci (malunga nama-50 ekhulwini olwandle kunye nama-60 ekhulwini olwandle).
Ilizwe lethu lisebenzisa imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo (njengamandla omoya, i-photovoltaic, i-hydropower) ukuvelisa i-hydrogen yamanzi nge-electrolytic, xa ixabiso lombane lilawulwa kwi-0.25 yuan /kWh ngezantsi, iindleko zokuvelisa i-hydrogen zisebenza kakuhle ngokwezoqoqosho (15.3 ~ 20.9 yuan /kg). Izalathisi zobugcisa nezoqoqosho ze-alkaline electrolysis kunye ne-PEM electrolysis ukuvelisa i-hydrogen ziboniswe kwiTheyibhile 1.
Indlela yokubala iindleko zemveliso ye-hydrogen ye-electrolytic iboniswe kwii-equations (1) kunye (2). I-LCOE = iindleko ezizinzileyo/(ubungakanani bemveliso ye-hydrogen x ubomi) + iindleko zokusebenza (1) Iindleko zokusebenza = imveliso ye-hydrogen ukusetyenziswa kombane x ixabiso lombane + ixabiso lamanzi + iindleko zokugcina izixhobo (2) Ukuthatha iiprojekthi ze-alkaline electrolysis kunye ne-PEM electrolysis (1000 Nm3/h) njengomzekelo, cinga ukuba umjikelo wobomi bonke beeprojekthi yiminyaka engama-20 kwaye ubomi bokusebenza yi-9×104h. Iindleko ezizinzileyo ze-package electrolytic cell, isixhobo sokucoca i-hydrogen, umrhumo wezinto, umrhumo wokwakha woluntu, umrhumo wenkonzo yokufakela kunye nezinye izinto zibalwa kwi-0.3 yuan /kWh ye-electrolysis. Uthelekiso lweendleko luboniswe kwiTheyibhile 2.
Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindlela zokuvelisa i-hydrogen, ukuba ixabiso lombane lamandla avuselelekayo liphantsi kune-0.25 yuan /kWh, ixabiso le-hydrogen eluhlaza lingancitshiswa liye kwi-15 yuan /kg, nto leyo eqala ukuba nenzuzo yeendleko. Kwimeko yokungathathi cala kwekhabhoni, kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zokuvelisa amandla avuselelekayo, uphuhliso olukhulu lweeprojekthi zemveliso ye-hydrogen, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla eeseli ze-electrolytic kunye neendleko zotyalo-mali, kunye nesikhokelo serhafu yekhabhoni kunye neminye imigaqo-nkqubo, indlela yokunciphisa iindleko ze-hydrogen eluhlaza iya kucaca kancinci. Kwangaxeshanye, kuba imveliso ye-hydrogen evela kwimithombo yamandla yendabuko iya kuxutywa nokungcola okuninzi okunxulumene noko okufana nekhabhoni, isalfure kunye ne-chlorine, kunye neendleko zokucoca okuphezulu kunye ne-CCUS, iindleko zokwenyani zemveliso zinokudlula i-20 yuan /kg.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Feb-06-2023