Amazwe amaninzi aqala ukuseta iinjongo ezicwangcisiweyo zamandla e-hydrogen, kwaye utyalo-mali oluthile lujonge uphuhliso lwetekhnoloji ye-hydrogen eluhlaza. I-EU kunye ne-China zikhokela olu phuhliso, zikhangela inzuzo yokuqala kwi-teknoloji kunye neziseko. Okwangoku, iJapan, iSouth Korea, iFransi, iJamani, iNetherlands, iNew Zealand kunye ne-Australia zonke ziye zakhupha izicwangciso zamandla e-hydrogen kwaye ziphuhlisa izicwangciso zomqhubi ukususela ngo-2017. Kwi-2021, i-EU yakhupha imfuno yeqhinga le-hydrogen yamandla, iphakamisa ukunyusa amandla okusebenza kwemveliso ye-hydrogen kwiiseli ze-electrolytic kwi-6GW ngo-2024 ngokuthembela kwi-4 amandla, i-30G kunye ne-2024 ngokuthembela kwi-4 amandla kunye ne-2024 amandla omoya kunye ne-2020 yemveliso ye-hydrogen kwi-EU iya kwandiswa ukuya kwi-40GW nge-40GW eyongezelelweyo ngaphandle kwe-EU.
Njengazo zonke iitekhnoloji ezintsha, i-hydrogen eluhlaza isuka kuphando oluphambili kunye nophuhliso ukuya kuphuhliso lweshishini oluqhelekileyo, okukhokelela kwiindleko zeyunithi eziphantsi kunye nokwanda kokusebenza kakuhle kuyilo, ukwakhiwa kunye nofakelo. I-LCOH ye-hydrogen eluhlaza iquka amacandelo amathathu: ixabiso leseli ye-electrolytic, ixabiso lombane ohlaziyiweyo kunye nezinye iindleko zokusebenza. Ngokubanzi, iindleko zeeseli ze-electrolytic akhawunti malunga ne-20% ~ 25% ye-hydrogen LCOH eluhlaza, kunye nesabelo esikhulu sombane (70% ~ 75%). Iindleko zokusebenza zincinci kakhulu, ngokubanzi zingaphantsi kwe-5%.
Ngamazwe ngamazwe, ixabiso lamandla ahlaziyekayo (ikakhulukazi i-utility-scale-scale solar kunye nomoya) liye lawa kakhulu kwiminyaka eyi-30 edlulileyo, kwaye ixabiso layo elilinganayo lamandla (LCOE) ngoku lisondele kumandla ombane wamalahle (i-$ 30-50 /MWh), okwenza uhlaziyo lukwazi ukukhuphisana ngakumbi kwixesha elizayo. Iindleko zamandla avuselelekayo ziqhubeka nokuhla nge-10% ngonyaka, kwaye malunga ne-2030 iindleko zamandla avuselelekayo ziya kufikelela malunga ne-$ 20 /MWh. Iindleko zokusebenza azinakuncitshiswa kakhulu, kodwa iindleko zeyunithi yeseli zinokuncitshiswa kwaye ijika lexabiso lokufunda elifanayo lilindeleke kwiiseli njengamandla elanga okanye omoya.
I-Solar PV yaphuhliswa ngo-1970 kwaye ixabiso le-solar PV LCoEs ngo-2010 lalimalunga ne-$ 500 /MWh. I-Solar PV LCOE iyancipha kakhulu ukususela ngo-2010 kwaye okwangoku i-$ 30 ukuya kwi-$ 50 /MWh. Ngenxa yokuba iteknoloji yeeseli ze-electrolytic ifana ne-industrial benchmark ye-solar photovoltaic cell production, ukusuka kwi-2020-2030, iteknoloji yeeseli ze-electrolytic inokuthi ilandele indlela efana neeseli ze-photovoltaic zelanga ngokwexabiso leyunithi. Kwangaxeshanye, iLCOE yomoya yehlile kakhulu kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo, kodwa ngexabiso elincinane (malunga neepesenti ezingama-50 kude nonxweme kunye neepesenti ezingama-60 elunxwemeni).
Ilizwe lethu lisebenzisa imithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo (njengamandla omoya, i-photovoltaic, i-hydropower) kwimveliso ye-hydrogen yamanzi ye-electrolytic, xa ixabiso lombane lilawulwa kwi-0.25 yuan / kWh ngaphantsi, iindleko zemveliso ye-hydrogen inokusebenza kakuhle kwezoqoqosho (15.3 ~ 20.9 yuan / kg). Izibonakaliso zobugcisa kunye nezoqoqosho ze-alkaline electrolysis kunye ne-PEM electrolysis yokuveliswa kwe-hydrogen iboniswe kwiThebhile 1.
Indlela yokubala iindleko zemveliso ye-electrolytic hydrogen iboniswe kwii-equations (1) kunye (2). I-LCOE= iindleko ezimiselweyo/(ubuninzi bokuvelisa i-hydrogen x ubomi) + iindleko zokusebenza (1) Iindleko zokusebenza = ukuveliswa kwe-hydrogen ukusetyenziswa kombane x ixabiso lombane + ixabiso lamanzi + iindleko zokugcinwa kwezixhobo (2) Ukuthatha i-alkaline electrolysis kunye neeprojekthi ze-electrolysis ye-PEM (1000 Nm3 / h) njengomzekelo, cinga ukuba umjikelo wobomi bonke beeprojekthi yiminyaka engama-20 kwaye ubomi bokusebenza buyi-9 × 10h. Iindleko ezimiselweyo zephakheji yeseli ye-electrolytic, isixhobo sokucoca i-hydrogen, umrhumo wezinto eziphathekayo, umrhumo wokwakha woluntu, umrhumo wenkonzo yofakelo kunye nezinye izinto zibalwa kwi-0.3 yuan / kWh ye-electrolysis. Uthelekiso lweendleko luboniswe kwiThebhile 2.
Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindlela zokuvelisa i-hydrogen, ukuba ixabiso lombane lamandla ahlaziyekayo lingaphantsi kwe-0.25 yuan / kWh, ixabiso le-hydrogen eluhlaza lingancitshiswa malunga ne-15 yuan / kg, eqala ukuba nenzuzo yeendleko. Kwimeko yokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni, kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zokuvelisa amandla ombane, uphuhliso olukhulu lweeprojekthi zokuvelisa i-hydrogen, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla e-electrolytic cell kunye neendleko zotyalo-mali, kunye nokukhokelwa kwerhafu yekhabhoni kunye neminye imigaqo-nkqubo, indlela yokunciphisa iindleko ze-hydrogen eluhlaza iya kucaca ngokuthe ngcembe. Ngelo xesha, ngenxa yokuba imveliso ye-hydrogen evela kwimithombo yamandla emveli iya kuxutywa kunye nokungcola okuninzi okufana nekhabhoni, isulfure kunye neklorini, kunye neendleko zokuhlanjululwa okuphezulu kunye ne-CCUS, iindleko zemveliso zingadlula i-yuan engama-20 / kg.
Ixesha lokuposa: Feb-06-2023