Amazwe amaningi aqala ukubeka imigomo yamasu yamandla e-hydrogen, kanti ezinye izimali zibheke ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe be-hydrogen eluhlaza. I-EU ne-China zihola le ntuthuko, zifuna izinzuzo zokuqala kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nengqalasizinda. Okwamanje, iJapan, iSouth Korea, iFrance, iJalimane, iNetherlands, iNew Zealand kanye ne-Australia zonke zikhiphe amasu amandla e-hydrogen futhi zakha izinhlelo zokuhlola kusukela ngo-2017. Ngo-2021, i-EU yakhipha isidingo samasu samandla e-hydrogen, iphakamisa ukwandisa amandla okusebenza okukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen kumaseli e-electrolytic kuya ku-6GW ngo-2024 ngokuthembela kumandla omoya kanye nelanga, kanye naku-40GW ngo-2030, amandla okukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen e-EU azokhushulwa abe ngu-40GW nge-40GW eyengeziwe ngaphandle kwe-EU.
Njengazo zonke ubuchwepheshe obusha, i-hydrogen eluhlaza isuka ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni okuyinhloko iye ekuthuthukisweni kwezimboni okujwayelekile, okuholela ezindlekweni eziphansi zamayunithi kanye nokusebenza kahle okwandisiwe ekwakhiweni, ekwakheni nasekufakweni. I-hydrogen eluhlaza i-LCOH iqukethe izingxenye ezintathu: izindleko zamaseli kagesi, intengo kagesi ovuselelekayo kanye nezinye izindleko zokusebenza. Ngokuvamile, izindleko zamaseli kagesi zibiza cishe u-20% ~ 25% we-hydrogen eluhlaza i-LCOH, kanye nesabelo esikhulu kunazo zonke sikagesi (70% ~ 75%). Izindleko zokusebenza zincane kakhulu, ngokuvamile zingaphansi kuka-5%.
Emhlabeni jikelele, intengo yamandla avuselelekayo (ikakhulukazi amandla elanga nomoya) yehle kakhulu eminyakeni engama-30 edlule, futhi izindleko zayo zamandla ezilinganayo (i-LCOE) manje seziseduze nalezo zamandla asebenzisa amalahle ($30-50 /MWh), okwenza amandla avuselelekayo abe nokuncintisana okukhulu esikhathini esizayo. Izindleko zamandla avuselelekayo ziyaqhubeka nokwehla ngo-10% ngonyaka, futhi cishe ngo-2030 izindleko zamandla avuselelekayo zizofinyelela cishe ku-$20 /MWh. Izindleko zokusebenza azikwazi ukuncishiswa kakhulu, kodwa izindleko zamayunithi weseli zingancishiswa futhi kulindeleke ukuthi kube nesilinganiso esifanayo sezindleko zokufunda kumaseli njengamandla elanga noma omoya.
I-Solar PV yasungulwa ngawo-1970 kanti intengo yama-solar PV LCoE ngo-2010 yayicishe ibe ngu-$500 /MWh. I-Solar PV LCOE yehle kakhulu kusukela ngo-2010 futhi okwamanje ingu-$30 kuya ku-$50 /MWh. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe bamaseli e-electrolytic bufana nokulinganisa kwezimboni kokukhiqizwa kwamaseli e-solar photovoltaic, kusukela ngo-2020-2030, ubuchwepheshe bamaseli e-electrolytic cishe buzolandela umkhondo ofanayo namaseli e-solar photovoltaic ngokwezindleko zamayunithi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-LCOE yomoya yehle kakhulu eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, kodwa ngenani elincane (cishe amaphesenti angu-50 ogwini kanye namaphesenti angu-60 ogwini).
Izwe lethu lisebenzisa imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo (njengamandla omoya, i-photovoltaic, i-hydropower) ekukhiqizweni kwe-hydrogen yamanzi nge-electrolytic, lapho intengo kagesi ilawulwa ku-0.25 yuan /kWh ngezansi, izindleko zokukhiqiza i-hydrogen zinokusebenza kahle kwezomnotho (15.3 ~ 20.9 yuan /kg). Izinkomba zobuchwepheshe nezomnotho ze-alkaline electrolysis kanye ne-PEM electrolysis ukukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen ziboniswe kuThebula 1.
Indlela yokubala izindleko zokukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen nge-electrolytic iboniswa ezilinganisweni (1) kanye no-(2). I-LCOE= izindleko ezihleliwe/(ubuningi bokukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen x impilo) + izindleko zokusebenza (1) Izindleko zokusebenza = ukukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen ukusetshenziswa kukagesi x intengo kagesi + intengo yamanzi + izindleko zokugcinwa kwemishini (2) Uma sithatha amaphrojekthi e-alkaline electrolysis kanye ne-PEM electrolysis (1000 Nm3/h) njengesibonelo, ake sithi umjikelezo wokuphila wonke wamaphrojekthi uyiminyaka engama-20 kanti impilo yokusebenza ingu-9×104h. Izindleko ezihleliwe zeseli ye-electrolytic yephakheji, idivayisi yokuhlanza i-hydrogen, imali yezinto ezibonakalayo, imali yokwakha yomphakathi, imali yesevisi yokufaka nezinye izinto ibalwa ku-0.3 yuan/kWh ye-electrolysis. Ukuqhathaniswa kwezindleko kuboniswe kuThebula 2.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela zokukhiqiza i-hydrogen, uma intengo kagesi yamandla avuselelekayo ingaphansi kuka-0.25 yuan /kWh, izindleko ze-hydrogen eluhlaza zingancishiswa zibe cishe yi-15 yuan / kg, okuzoqala ukuba nenzuzo yezindleko. Emongweni wokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni, ngokunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza amandla avuselelekayo, ukuthuthukiswa okukhulu kwamaphrojekthi okukhiqiza i-hydrogen, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla e-electrolytic cell kanye nezindleko zokutshalwa kwezimali, kanye nesiqondiso sentela yekhabhoni kanye nezinye izinqubomgomo, indlela yokunciphisa izindleko ze-hydrogen eluhlaza izocaca kancane kancane. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngoba ukukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen okuvela emithonjeni yamandla yendabuko kuzoxutshwa nokungcola okuningi okuhlobene njengekhabhoni, i-sulfur kanye ne-chlorine, kanye nezindleko zokuhlanzwa okungaphezulu kanye ne-CCUS, izindleko zokukhiqiza zangempela zingadlula i-20 yuan / kg.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Feb-06-2023