Ke hoʻomaka nei ka nui o nā ʻāina e hoʻonohonoho i nā pahuhopu koʻikoʻi no ka ikehu hydrogen, a ke nānā nei kekahi mau ʻoihana i ka hoʻomohala ʻenehana hydrogen ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Ke alakaʻi nei ka EU a me Kina i kēia hoʻomohala ʻana, e ʻimi ana i nā pono o ka neʻe mua ʻana i ka ʻenehana a me ka ʻenehana. I kēia manawa, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻo Iapana, South Korea, Farani, Kelemānia, Netherlands, New Zealand a me Australia i nā hoʻolālā ikehu hydrogen a hoʻomohala i nā hoʻolālā pilot mai 2017. I ka makahiki 2021, ua hoʻopuka ka EU i kahi koi koʻikoʻi no ka ikehu hydrogen, e manaʻo ana e hoʻonui i ka mana hana o ka hana hydrogen i loko o nā cell electrolytic i 6GW e 2024 ma ka hilinaʻi ʻana i ka makani a me ka ikehu solar, a i ka 2000 hydrogen ka mana o ka lā. hoʻonui ʻia i 40GW e kahi 40GW hou ma waho o ka EU.
E like me nā ʻenehana hou a pau, ke neʻe nei ka hydrogen ʻōmaʻomaʻo mai ka noiʻi mua a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻoihana nui, e hopena i nā kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka pono i ka hoʻolālā, kūkulu ʻana a me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana. ʻO ka hydrogen LCOH ʻōmaʻomaʻo he ʻekolu mau ʻāpana: ke kumukūʻai kelepona electrolytic, ke kumukūʻai uila hou a me nā koina hana ʻē aʻe. Ma keʻano laulā, ʻo ke kumukūʻai o ke kelepona electrolytic ma kahi o 20% ~ 25% o ka hydrogen LCOH ʻōmaʻomaʻo, a ʻo ka hapa nui o ka uila (70% ~ 75%). He liʻiliʻi nā kumukūʻai hana, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o 5%.
Ma ke ao holoʻokoʻa, ua hāʻule nui ke kumukūʻai o ka ikehu hou (ʻo ka nui o ka lā a me ka makani) i nā makahiki he 30 i hala iho nei, a ua kokoke ke kumukūʻai o ka ikehu hoʻohālikelike (LCOE) i kēia manawa me ka mana o ka lanahu ($30-50 /MWh), e ʻoi aku ka hoʻokūkū o nā mea hou i ka wā e hiki mai ana. Ke hoʻomau nei ka hāʻule ʻana o nā kumukūʻai ikehu hou e 10% o ka makahiki, a ma kahi o 2030 e hiki ke kumukūʻai o ka ikehu hou ma kahi o $20 /MWh. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻemi nui ʻia nā kumukūʻai hana, akā hiki ke hoʻemi ʻia ke kumukūʻai o ka ʻāpana kelepona a manaʻo ʻia ke ʻano o ke kumu kūʻai o ke aʻo ʻana no nā kelepona e like me ka mana o ka lā a me ka makani.
Ua hoʻomohala ʻia ʻo Solar PV i nā makahiki 1970 a ʻo ke kumukūʻai o nā PV LCoEs solar ma 2010 ma kahi o $500 /MWh. Ua emi nui ka Solar PV LCOE mai ka makahiki 2010 a i kēia manawa he $30 a $50 /MWh. Hāʻawi ʻia ka ʻenehana kelepona electrolytic e like me ka pae ʻenehana no ka hana ʻana o ka cell photovoltaic solar, mai 2020-2030, e hahai paha ka ʻenehana kelepona electrolytic i kahi ala like me nā cell photovoltaic solar ma ke ʻano o ke kumukūʻai. I ka manawa like, ua emi nui ka LCOE no ka makani i nā makahiki he ʻumi i hala aku nei, akā ma ka liʻiliʻi (ma kahi o 50 pākēneka ma waho a me 60 pākēneka ma uka).
Ke hoʻohana nei ko mākou ʻāina i nā kumu ikehu hou (e like me ka makani makani, photovoltaic, hydropower) no ka hana ʻana i ka wai hydrogen electrolytic, ke hoʻokele ʻia ke kumukūʻai uila ma 0.25 yuan / kWh ma lalo, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻokele waiwai hydrogen (15.3 ~ 20.9 yuan / kg). Hōʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona ʻenehana a me ka waiwai o ka electrolysis alkaline a me ka PEM electrolysis hydrogen production ma ka Papa 1.
Hōʻike ʻia ke ʻano helu kumukūʻai o ka hana electrolytic hydrogen i nā hoohalike (1) a me (2). LCOE= ke kumu kūʻai paʻa/(ka nui o ka hana hydrogen x ke ola) + ke kumukūʻai hana (1) Ke kumukūʻai hana = ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka uila hydrogen x ke kumukūʻai uila + ke kumukūʻai wai + ke kumukūʻai mālama pono (2) ʻO ka lawe ʻana i nā papahana electrolysis alkaline a me PEM electrolysis (1000 Nm3/h) ma ke ʻano he laʻana, e manaʻo ʻia ʻo ke ola holoʻokoʻa o nā papahana he 20 mau makahiki a ʻo ke ola o ka hana he 9 × 9 × ke ola hana. ʻO ke kumukūʻai paʻa o ka pūʻolo electrolytic cell, ka mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe hydrogen, ka uku waiwai, ka uku hana kīwila, ka uku lawelawe lawelawe a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i helu ʻia ma 0.3 yuan / kWh no ka electrolysis. Hōʻike ʻia ka hoʻohālikelike kumukūʻai ma ka Papa 2.
Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻano hana hana hydrogen ʻē aʻe, inā ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ke kumukūʻai uila o ka ikehu hou ma mua o 0.25 yuan / kWh, hiki ke hoʻemi ʻia ke kumukūʻai o ka hydrogen ʻōmaʻomaʻo i kahi 15 yuan / kg, kahi e hoʻomaka ai e loaʻa ka uku kumukūʻai. I ka pōʻaiapili o ke kalapona neutrality, me ka ho'ēmiʻana o ka ikehu hou mana hana koina, ka nui-ka ulu ana o ka hydrogen hana papahana, ka ho'ēmiʻana o electrolytic cell ikehu hoʻohana a me ka hoʻokomo koina, a me ke alakaʻi o kalapona auhau a me nā kulekele 'ē aʻe, ke alanui o ka'ōmaʻomaʻo hydrogen kumu kūʻai e e lohi akaka. I ka manawa like, no ka mea e hui pū ʻia ka hana hydrogen mai nā kumu ikehu kuʻuna me nā mea haumia e pili ana e like me ke kalapona, sulfur a me ka chlorine, a me ke kumukūʻai o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe superimposed a me CCUS, ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kumukūʻai hana ma mua o 20 yuan / kg.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Feb-06-2023