Menene samar da sinadarin hydrogen na nukiliya?

Ana ɗaukar samar da sinadarin hydrogen na nukiliya a matsayin hanyar da aka fi so don samar da babban sinadarin hydrogen, amma da alama yana ci gaba a hankali. To, menene samar da sinadarin hydrogen na nukiliya?

Samar da sinadarin hydrogen na nukiliya, wato, na'urar samar da sinadarin hydrogen mai ƙarfi tare da ingantaccen tsarin samar da sinadarin hydrogen, don samar da sinadarin hydrogen mai yawa. Samar da sinadarin hydrogen daga makamashin nukiliya yana da fa'idodin rashin iskar gas mai dumama yanayi, ruwa a matsayin kayan da aka samar, inganci mai yawa da kuma babban sinadari, don haka mafita ce mai mahimmanci ga samar da sinadarin hydrogen mai yawa a nan gaba. A cewar kiyasin IAEA, ƙaramin na'urar samar da sinadarin hydrogen mai ƙarfin 250MW zai iya samar da tan 50 na hydrogen a kowace rana ta amfani da sinadaran nukiliya masu zafi sosai.

Ka'idar samar da hydrogen a cikin makamashin nukiliya ita ce amfani da zafin da na'urar samar da hydrogen ke samarwa a matsayin tushen makamashi don samar da hydrogen, da kuma cimma ingantaccen samar da hydrogen mai girma ta hanyar zaɓar fasahar da ta dace. Kuma rage ko ma kawar da hayakin hayakin da ke gurbata muhalli. An nuna zane-zanen samar da hydrogen daga makamashin nukiliya a cikin hoton.

Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don canza makamashin nukiliya zuwa makamashin hydrogen, gami da ruwa a matsayin kayan ƙasa ta hanyar electrolysis, zagayowar thermochemical, samar da hydrogen mai zafi da zafi, samar da hydrogen sulfide a matsayin kayan ƙasa da ke fashewa da hydrogen, iskar gas, kwal, biomass a matsayin kayan ƙasa da pyrolysis samar da hydrogen, da sauransu. Lokacin amfani da ruwa a matsayin kayan ƙasa, dukkan tsarin samar da hydrogen baya samar da CO₂, wanda zai iya kawar da hayakin gas na greenhouse; Samar da hydrogen daga wasu tushe yana rage hayakin carbon kawai. Bugu da ƙari, amfani da ruwan electrolysis na nukiliya kawai haɗin kai ne mai sauƙi na samar da wutar lantarki ta nukiliya da electrolysis na gargajiya, wanda har yanzu yana cikin fagen samar da wutar lantarki ta nukiliya kuma gabaɗaya ba a ɗaukarsa a matsayin fasahar samar da hydrogen ta nukiliya ta gaske ba. Saboda haka, ana ɗaukar zagayowar thermochemical tare da ruwa a matsayin kayan ƙasa, cikakken amfani da zafin nukiliya ko wani ɓangare na amfani da electrolysis na tururi mai zafi a matsayin wakilcin makomar fasahar samar da hydrogen ta nukiliya.

A halin yanzu, akwai manyan hanyoyi guda biyu na samar da hydrogen a makamashin nukiliya: samar da hydrogen a cikin ruwa mai amfani da electrolytic da samar da hydrogen a cikin thermochemical. Masu samar da makamashin nukiliya suna samar da makamashin lantarki da makamashin zafi bi da bi don hanyoyin samar da hydrogen guda biyu da ke sama.

Ana amfani da makamashin nukiliya wajen samar da wutar lantarki ta hanyar amfani da na'urar lantarki ta ruwa don samar da hydrogen, sannan kuma ta hanyar na'urar lantarki ta ruwa don wargaza ruwa zuwa hydrogen. Samar da hydrogen ta hanyar amfani da ruwan lantarki hanya ce ta samar da hydrogen kai tsaye, amma ingancin samar da hydrogen na wannan hanyar (55% ~ 60%) yana da ƙasa, koda kuwa an karɓi fasahar lantarki ta ruwa ta SPE mafi ci gaba a Amurka, ingancin lantarki ya karu zuwa 90%. Amma tunda yawancin tashoshin wutar lantarki na nukiliya a halin yanzu suna canza zafi zuwa wutar lantarki ne kawai a kusan kashi 35% na inganci, jimlar ingancin samar da hydrogen daga amfani da lantarki ta ruwa a cikin makamashin nukiliya shine kashi 30% kawai.

Samar da sinadarin hydrogen na zafi da sinadarai ya dogara ne akan zagayowar sinadaran zafi da sinadarai, wanda ke haɗa na'urar samar da sinadarin hydrogen na nukiliya da na'urar samar da sinadarin hydrogen na zafin jiki, ta amfani da babban zafin da na'urar samar da sinadarin nukiliya ke bayarwa a matsayin tushen zafi, ta yadda ruwa ke haɓaka rugujewar zafi a 800℃ zuwa 1000℃, don samar da hydrogen da oxygen. Idan aka kwatanta da samar da sinadarin hydrogen na ruwa mai amfani da lantarki, ingancin samar da sinadarin hydrogen na thermo ya fi girma, ana sa ran jimlar ingancin zai kai fiye da kashi 50%, farashin ya yi ƙasa.