Ukuveliswa kwe-hydrogen yenyukliya kuthathwa njengeyona ndlela ikhethwayo yokuveliswa kwe-hydrogen enkulu, kodwa kubonakala ngathi iqhubeka kancinci. Ngoko ke, yintoni ukuveliswa kwe-hydrogen yenyukliya?
Imveliso yehydrogen yenyukliya, oko kukuthi, i-reactor yenyukliya edibene nenkqubo yokuvelisa ihydrogen ephucukileyo, yokuvelisa ihydrogen ngobuninzi. Imveliso yehydrogen evela kumandla enyukliya ineengenelo zokungabikho kweegesi zegreenhouse, amanzi njengezinto ezikrwada, ukusebenza kakuhle okuphezulu kunye nobungakanani obukhulu, ngoko ke sisisombululo esibalulekileyo sokubonelela ngehydrogen enkulu kwixesha elizayo. Ngokweqikelelo lwe-IAEA, i-reactor encinci ye-250MW inokuvelisa iitoni ezingama-50 zehydrogen ngosuku isebenzisa ii-reaction zenyukliya ezishushu kakhulu.
Umgaqo wokuveliswa kwehydrogen kumandla enyukliya kukusebenzisa ubushushu obuveliswa yi-reactor yenyukliya njengomthombo wamandla wokuveliswa kwehydrogen, kunye nokufezekisa imveliso yehydrogen esebenzayo nenkulu ngokukhetha iteknoloji efanelekileyo. Kwaye kuncitshiswe okanye kupheliswe ukukhutshwa kwegesi ezibangela ubushushu. Umzobo wesicwangciso sokuveliswa kwehydrogen kumandla enyukliya uboniswe kumfanekiso.
Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokuguqula amandla enyukliya abe ngamandla ehydrogen, kuquka amanzi njengezinto eziluhlaza ngokusebenzisa i-electrolysis, umjikelo we-thermochemical, i-electrolysis yomphunga obushushu obuphezulu imveliso yehydrogen, i-hydrogen sulfide njengezinto eziluhlaza eziqhekekayo imveliso yehydrogen, igesi yendalo, amalahle, i-biomass njengezinto eziluhlaza imveliso ye-pyrolysis hydrogen, njl. Xa usebenzisa amanzi njengezinto eziluhlaza, yonke inkqubo yokuvelisa ihydrogen ayivelisi i-CO₂, enokuphelisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi yegreenhouse; Ukuvelisa i-hydrogen evela kwezinye iindawo kunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kuphela. Ukongeza, ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi e-electrolysis yenyukliya kukudibanisa nje okulula kokuveliswa kwamandla enyukliya kunye ne-electrolysis yendabuko, eseseyintsimi yokuveliswa kwamandla enyukliya kwaye ngokubanzi ayithathwa njengeteknoloji yokwenyani yokuveliswa kwe-hydrogen yenyukliya. Ke ngoko, umjikelo we-thermochemical ngamanzi njengezinto eziluhlaza, ukusetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo okanye okungaphelelanga kobushushu benyukliya kunye ne-electrolysis yomphunga obushushu obuphezulu zithathwa njengezimele indlela yexesha elizayo yobuchwepheshe bokuvelisa i-hydrogen yenyukliya.
Okwangoku, kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zokuvelisa i-hydrogen kumandla enyukliya: imveliso ye-hydrogen yamanzi e-electrolytic kunye nemveliso ye-hydrogen ye-thermochemical. Ii-reactor zenyukliya zibonelela ngamandla ombane kunye namandla obushushu ngokulandelelanayo kwiindlela ezimbini ezingentla zokuvelisa i-hydrogen.
I-electrolysis yamanzi ukuvelisa i-hydrogen kukusebenzisa amandla enyukliya ukuvelisa umbane, uze emva koko usebenzise isixhobo se-electrolytic samanzi ukubola amanzi abe yi-hydrogen. Ukuveliswa kwe-hydrogen ngamanzi e-electrolytic yindlela yokuvelisa i-hydrogen ngokuthe ngqo, kodwa ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso ye-hydrogen yale ndlela (55% ~ 60%) kuphantsi, nokuba ubuchwepheshe be-electrolysis yamanzi be-SPE obuphambili buyamkelwa eMelika, ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-electrolytic kunyuswe ukuya kwi-90%. Kodwa ekubeni uninzi lwezityalo zamandla enyukliya okwangoku ziguqula ubushushu bube ngumbane kuphela malunga ne-35% yokusebenza kakuhle, ukusebenza ngokupheleleyo kokugqibela kwemveliso ye-hydrogen evela kwi-electrolysis yamanzi kumandla enyukliya yi-30% kuphela.
Imveliso yehydrogen yeekhemikhali ezishushu isekelwe kumjikelo we-thermal-chemical, idibanisa i-reactor yenyukliya nesixhobo sokuvelisa i-hydrogen yomjikelo we-thermal-chemical, kusetyenziswa ubushushu obuphezulu obubonelelwa yi-reactor yenyukliya njengomthombo wobushushu, ukuze amanzi akhuthaze ukubola kobushushu kwi-800℃ ukuya kwi-1000℃, ukuze kuveliswe i-hydrogen kunye ne-oxygen. Xa kuthelekiswa nemveliso ye-hydrogen yamanzi e-electrolytic, ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso ye-hydrogen yeekhemikhali ezishushu kuphezulu, ukusebenza kakuhle kulindeleke ukuba kufikelele ngaphezulu kwe-50%, iindleko ziphantsi.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Feb-28-2023