Gukora hydrogen ya kirimbuzi ni iki?

Gutunganya hydrogene ya kirimbuzi bifatwa nk'uburyo bwiza bwo gukora hydrogene ku gipimo kinini, ariko bisa nkaho birimo kugenda buhoro buhoro. None se, gukora hydrogene ya kirimbuzi ni iki?

Gutunganya hidrojeni ya kirimbuzi, ni ukuvuga reactor ya kirimbuzi hamwe n'uburyo bwo gukora hidrojeni iteye imbere, kugira ngo hakorwe hidrojeni nyinshi. Gutunganya hidrojeni ikomoka ku ngufu za kirimbuzi bifite ibyiza byo kutagira imyuka ihumanya ikirere, amazi nk'ibikoresho fatizo, gukora neza cyane no ku bwinshi, bityo ni igisubizo cy'ingenzi ku itangwa rya hidrojeni ya kirimbuzi mu gihe kizaza. Dukurikije ibigereranyo bya IAEA, reactor ntoya ya 250MW ishobora gukora toni 50 za hidrojeni ku munsi ikoresheje reaction za kirimbuzi zishyushye cyane.

Ihame ryo gukora imyuka ya hydrogen mu ngufu za kirimbuzi ni ugukoresha ubushyuhe buvanwa n'ingufu za kirimbuzi nk'isoko y'ingufu zo gukora imyuka ya hydrogen, no gukora imyuka ya hydrogen ku rugero runini no mu buryo bwiza binyuze mu guhitamo ikoranabuhanga rikwiye. No kugabanya cyangwa gukuraho imyuka ihumanya ikirere. Ishusho yerekana ikorwa rya hydrogen mu ngufu za kirimbuzi igaragara ku ishusho.

Hari uburyo bwinshi bwo guhindura ingufu za kirimbuzi mu ngufu za hydrogen, harimo amazi nk'ibikoresho fatizo binyuze mu gukwirakwiza electrolysis, termochemical cycle, electrolysis y'umwuka wo mu bushyuhe bwinshi, hydrogen sulfide nk'ibikoresho fatizo byo gukwirakwiza hydrogen, gazi karemano, amakara, biomass nk'ibikoresho fatizo byo gukwirakwiza hydrolysis, nibindi. Iyo ukoresheje amazi nk'ibikoresho fatizo, inzira yose yo gukora hydrogen ntabwo itanga CO₂, ishobora gukuraho imyuka ihumanya ikirere; Gukora hydrogène iturutse ahandi bigabanya imyuka ya karuboni gusa. Byongeye kandi, gukoresha amazi ya electrolysis y'amashanyarazi ni uruvange rworoshye rwo gukora ingufu za kirimbuzi na electrolysis gakondo, ikiri mu rwego rwo gukora ingufu za kirimbuzi kandi muri rusange ntifatwa nk'ikoranabuhanga nyaryo ryo gukora hydrogen. Kubwibyo, termochemical cycle hamwe n'amazi nk'ibikoresho fatizo, ikoreshwa ryuzuye cyangwa igice ry'ubushyuhe bwa kirimbuzi na electrolysis y'umwuka wo mu bushyuhe bwinshi bifatwa nk'aho bigaragaza icyerekezo cy'ejo hazaza cy'ikoranabuhanga ryo gukora hydrogen.

Kugeza ubu, hari uburyo bubiri bw'ingenzi bwo gukora hydrogen mu ngufu za kirimbuzi: gukora hydrogen mu mazi akoresha electrolytic na hydrogen mu bushyuhe. Imashini zikora hydrogen mu bushyuhe zitanga ingufu z'amashanyarazi n'ingufu z'ubushyuhe mu buryo bubiri bwavuzwe haruguru bwo gukora hydrogen.

Electrolysis y'amazi kugira ngo akore hydrogen ni ugukoresha ingufu za kirimbuzi mu gukora amashanyarazi, hanyuma binyuze mu gikoresho cy'amashanyarazi mu mazi kugira ngo amazi ahinduke hydrogen. Gukora hydrogen hakoreshejwe amazi ya electrolytic ni uburyo bwo gukora hydrogen butaziguye, ariko ubushobozi bwo gukora hydrogen muri ubu buryo (55% ~ 60%) buri hasi, nubwo ikoranabuhanga rya SPE rigezweho rya electrolysis y'amazi ryakoreshejwe muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, ubushobozi bwo gukoresha electrolysis bwiyongereyeho 90%. Ariko kubera ko inganda nyinshi z'amashanyarazi za kirimbuzi ubu zihindura ubushyuhe amashanyarazi ku kigero cya 35% gusa, ubushobozi bwose bwa nyuma bwo gukora hydrogen buva muri electrolysis y'amazi mu ngufu za kirimbuzi ni 30% gusa.

Gutunganya hidrojeni ikoresha ubushyuhe bushingiye ku ruziga rw'ubushyuhe n'imiti, bihuza icyuma gikoresha amashanyarazi n'igikoresho gikoresha amashanyarazi n'imiti, hakoreshejwe ubushyuhe bwinshi butangwa n'icyuma gikoresha amashanyarazi nk'isoko y'ubushyuhe, bityo amazi agatuma ubushyuhe bugabanuka kuri dogere 800°C kugeza 1000°C, kugira ngo hakorwe hidrojeni na ogisijeni. Ugereranyije n'ikorwa rya hidrojeni ikoresha amazi n'amashanyarazi, imikorere ya hidrojeni ikoresha amashanyarazi ni myinshi, imikorere yose yitezwe kugera kuri 50%, igiciro ni gito.