He aha ka hana ʻana o ka hydrogen nuklea?

Ua manaʻo nui ʻia ka hana ʻana o ka hydrogen nukelea ʻo ia ke ʻano makemake nui ʻia no ka hana ʻana o ka hydrogen nui, akā me he mea lā e holomua mālie ana. No laila, he aha ka hana ʻana o ka hydrogen nukelea?

ʻO ka hana ʻana o ka hydrogen nuklea, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka reactor nuklea i hui pū ʻia me ke kaʻina hana hydrogen holomua, no ka hana nui ʻana o ka hydrogen. Loaʻa i ka hana hydrogen mai ka ikehu nuklea nā pono o ka ʻole o nā kinoea ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ka wai ma ke ʻano he mea maka, ka pono kiʻekiʻe a me ka unahi nui, no laila he hopena koʻikoʻi ia no ka hoʻolako hydrogen nui i ka wā e hiki mai ana. Wahi a nā kuhi a IAEA, hiki i kahi reactor liʻiliʻi 250MW ke hana i 50 tons o ka hydrogen i kēlā me kēia lā me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hopena nuklea wela kiʻekiʻe.

ʻO ke kumumanaʻo o ka hana hydrogen i ka ikehu nukelea, ʻo ia ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wela i hana ʻia e ka reactor nukelea ma ke ʻano he kumu ikehu no ka hana hydrogen, a e hoʻokō i ka hana hydrogen kūpono a nui hoʻi ma ke koho ʻana i ka ʻenehana kūpono. A e hōʻemi a hoʻopau paha i nā hoʻokuʻu kinoea ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Hōʻike ʻia ke kiʻikuhi schematic o ka hana hydrogen mai ka ikehu nukelea ma ke kiʻi.

Nui nā ala e hoʻololi ai i ka ikehu nukelea i ka ikehu hydrogen, me ka wai ma ke ʻano he mea maka ma o ka electrolysis, ka pōʻaiapuni thermochemical, ka electrolysis mahu wela kiʻekiʻe o ka hana hydrogen, ka hydrogen sulfide ma ke ʻano he mea maka e haki ana i ka hana hydrogen, ke kinoea kūlohelohe, ka lanahu, ka biomass ma ke ʻano he mea maka pyrolysis hana hydrogen, a pēlā aku. Ke hoʻohana ʻia ka wai ma ke ʻano he mea maka, ʻaʻole hana ka hana hydrogen holoʻokoʻa i ka CO₂, hiki ke hoʻopau loa i nā hoʻokuʻu kinoea ʻōmaʻomaʻo; ʻO ka hana ʻana i ka hydrogen mai nā kumu ʻē aʻe e hōʻemi wale i nā hoʻokuʻu kalapona. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wai electrolysis nukelea he hui maʻalahi wale nō ia o ka hana mana nukelea a me ka electrolysis kuʻuna, nona nō ia i ke kahua o ka hana mana nukelea a ʻaʻole i manaʻo ʻia he ʻenehana hana hydrogen nukelea maoli. No laila, ʻo ka pōʻaiapuni thermochemical me ka wai ma ke ʻano he mea maka, ka hoʻohana piha a hapa paha o ka wela nukelea a me ka electrolysis mahu wela kiʻekiʻe e manaʻo ʻia e hōʻike ana i ke kuhikuhi e hiki mai ana o ka ʻenehana hana hydrogen nukelea.

I kēia manawa, ʻelua mau ala nui o ka hana ʻana i ka hydrogen i ka ikehu nukelea: ka hana ʻana i ka hydrogen wai electrolytic a me ka hana ʻana i ka hydrogen thermochemical. Hāʻawi nā mea hana nukelea i ka ikehu uila a me ka ikehu wela no nā ala ʻelua i luna o ka hana ʻana i ka hydrogen.

ʻO ka electrolysis o ka wai e hana ai i ka hydrogen ʻo ia ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu nukelea e hana i ka uila, a laila ma o ka hāmeʻa electrolytic wai e hoʻokaʻawale i ka wai i hydrogen. ʻO ka hana ʻana o ka hydrogen e ka wai electrolytic kahi ʻano hana hana hydrogen pololei, akā haʻahaʻa ka pono o ka hana hydrogen o kēia ʻano hana (55% ~ 60%), ʻoiai inā ua hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻenehana electrolysis wai SPE holomua loa ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka pono electrolytic i 90%. Akā no ka mea ʻo ka hapa nui o nā mea kanu mana nukelea i kēia manawa e hoʻololi wale i ka wela i ka uila ma kahi o 35% ka pono, ʻo ka pono hope loa o ka hana hydrogen mai ka electrolysis wai i ka ikehu nukelea he 30% wale nō.

Hoʻokumu ʻia ka hana ʻana o ka hydrogen thermal-chemical ma ke kaʻapuni thermal-chemical, e hoʻopili ana i kahi reactor nukelea me kahi mea hana hydrogen thermal-chemical cycle, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mahana kiʻekiʻe i hāʻawi ʻia e ka reactor nukelea ma ke ʻano he kumu wela, i hiki ai i ka wai ke hoʻoulu i ka decomposition thermal ma 800℃ a i 1000℃, i mea e hana ai i ka hydrogen a me ka oxygen. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka hana hydrogen wai electrolytic, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka hana ʻana o ka hydrogen thermo chemical, manaʻo ʻia e hiki aku ka pono holoʻokoʻa ma mua o 50%, a emi ke kumukūʻai.